200 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
Ez. Lecanora subfusca, no. 18. Ez. Stigmatidium crassum. f 
Opegrapha atra, nos. 1, 2. Verrucaria Taylori, no. 1. 
varia, no. 7. gemmata, no. 3. 
Graphis scripta, no. 1. ——— pyrenophora. 
Arthonia astroidea, no. 1. —— biformis, no. 3. 
(c) The occurrence of oi/-globules in pyenides or stylospores. 
Ez, Verrucaria Taylori, no. 1. 
5. Occasional anomalies in the position of the reproductive corpuscles. 
(a) The occurrence of spermatia and sporidia in the same perithecium ; or, in other 
words, the asciferous conceptacle partly occupied as a spermogone*, 
(4) The occurrence of stylospores in the same perithecium with spermatia; in other 
words, the same conceptacle fulfilling the functions—if they are different—of 
both spermogone and pycnide. 
Ex. Lecidea Griffithii, no. 7 
(c) The occurrence of stylospores in the same perithecium with sporidiat. 
The association of spermatia, or stylospores, with sporidia generated within 
asci, in the same conceptacle, has hitherto been ascribed by systematists to errors 
of observation; but there is no better reason for supposing errors of observation 
in such cases than in the association of Torula lichenicola with sterigmata and 
spermatia in Lecanora varia. I have no reason to doubt that spermogones and 
pyenides, or their essential elements, are occasionally developed in the asciferous 
and sporidiiferous perithecia of lichens§, just as they are in fungi; and just as 
certain fungi, or some of their forms of reproductive organs, are sometimes met 
with penetrating, into the interior tissues of the apothecia of lichens. In the 
latter case they are probably to be regarded as parasites; and in that of sper- 
matia or stylospores occurring along with sporidia, the said spermatia or stylo- 
spores may not belong to the lichen in which they are found, though the balance 
of probabilities is in favour of their doing so. 
(d) Retention of basidia, as a caudal appendage, by the mature or old stylospore. 
Ex. Lecidea Griffithii, no. 7. 
(e) Development of more than one spermatium from a sterigma. 
Illustrations are given in Tulasne's ** Mémoire," pl. 4. f. 14 (in whieh they are 
figured, end to end, as if in process of fission); pl. 6. fig. 8; pl. 10. figs. 4-21; 
and pl. 11. figs. 10, 15: as well as in my first Memoir, Pannaria muscorum, 
Ach., plate xiv. f. 90. 
(f) Development of more than one stylospore from a basidium. 
Ez. Lecidea abietina, no. 9. à 
* In Celidium fusco-purpureum, Tul., the spermogones form apparently part of the hymenium of the apothecia, 
(Vide his ** Mémoire," p. 121, pl. 14. f. 12.) 
+ This coincidence occurs in a micro-fungus which is associated with Lecanora calva. Vide also Berkeley's note on 
Abrothallus Smithii in my “ New Lichenicolous Micro-Fungi," p. 521, footnote *. Berkeley and Broome profess to 
have found * stylospores on the paraphyses of a lichen.” (Vide the said paper on “New Lichenicolous Micro- 
Fungi,” p. 521, footnote.) + Vide paper on ** New Lichenicolous Micro-Fungi,” p. 533, pl. xxiii. fig. 17. 
7 
$ Vide paper on “ Polymorphism," p. 7. 
