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PYCNIDES OF mar GEM LICHENS. 215 
Specimen 2. On basalt, Longmynd, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. no. 247 (sub nom. Arthonia 
glaucomaria, Nyl., which is parasitie on its apothecia). The spermogones are abundant 
about the black zigzag boundary-line separating contiguous thalli—as small, pale, trans- 
lucent spots, immersed—with flat surface. The spermatia are among the longest I have 
met with, frequently resembling bundles of filiform paraphyses. They are seldom much 
bent or twisted, though they are wavy and slender, and are borne, as in the last case, by 
short vesieular or subspherical sterigmata. 
* Specimen 3. Cliffrigg, Cleveland, 1856, Mudd.: with Arthonia glaucomaria parasitic 
on its apothecia. The spermogones occur about the boundary of the thallus—sometimes 
flat and resembling those of Lecidea fusco-atra, sometimes papillæform or wartlike. 
They are abundant, one being generally seated on the corner of each of the thalline 
areole. The ostiole is of a darker grey colour than the thallus, and is frequently girt 
by a whitish or pale thalline margin. The basal cellular tissue from which spring the 
sterigmata is brown. The sterigmata themselves are short, simple, linear, sometimes 
digitate or bifurcating from the base. The spermatia are curved or twisted like those of 
L. subfusca, than which they are somewhat shorter, about 1555 to 1355 long. 
Specimen 4. On basalt, near Belfast: Taylor, in herb. Dr. Moore, of Glasnevin, 
Dublin (sub nom. “ Urceolaria, sp.”). The plant consists wholly of spermogones. The 
thallus is cream-coloured, thickish, tartareous, determinate, zonate, with a leaden-blue 
hypothalline border; the surface granulate-areolate. The spermogones are immersed, 
generally in the centre of a subprominent thalline papilla—several usually occurring 
on each areola—single or sometimes confluent. The ostiole is largish, black, round or 
irregular, sometimes depressed and urceolate in the old state, frequently surrounded by a 
deep-blue halo, or by a collar or ring of the thallus, resembling the apothecial exciple of 
a Lecanora. Spermatia curved and filiform, 4355 long and 45-354 broad, seated on short, 
- simple sterigmata, precisely as in L. subfusca. Wall of envelope, from which spring 
the sterigmata, is pale brown, but consists of no distinct cellular elements. 
Specimen 5. Antrim, Ireland: Dr. Moore. On one fragment a few degenerate apo- 
thecia occur. Another is sterile, the thallus resembling in some portions that of L. sul- 
phurea ; it has quite the aspect also of var. calcarea, L., of L. cinerea, for which it is apt 
to be mistaken. The spermogones are few and verrucarioid, having very long, straight, 
or curved spermatia, 74o to tooo long, and 45:554 broad. They are seated only on those 
parts of the thallus which resemble L. sulphurea. 
Species 4. L. CINEREA, Ach. 
Specimen 1. On basalt or greenstone: Langbroughrigg, Cleveland, Yorkshire: Mudd, 
1856; associated with Lecanora vitellina, Ach., and Lecidea vitellinaria, Nyl. The sper- 
mogones are minute black papillæ, seated generally on sterile thalline scales—one or two 
in the corner of each areola. The spermatia are straight rods about 3555 to 3555 long, 
borne on the apices of simple, linear, digitate sterigmata, of the character of those of Abro- 
‘thallus oxysporus. Both spermatia and sterigmata vary much in size, though not in form. 
Specimen 2. Var. atro-cinerea, Sch.: Cliffrigg, Cleveland, Mudd, 1857. The thallus 
is made up of a series of isidiiform pulvinuli, irregular in height, very dark brown or 
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