216 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
grey, closely aggregated. The spermogones are scattered on some of these areolæ, as in 
the preceding. The sterigmata are straight and simple, ramose only at or from the base. 
Projecting beyond and from among the spermatiferous sterigmata are elongated hyper: 
trophied ones, sterile, linear, and simple. 
Specimen 3. Var. calcarea, L. On coarse red sandstone, Kilcully, near Cork : Car- 
roll. The plant is spermogoniferous only. What appear to be small crowded apothecia 
are really spermogones, generally wholly immersed, with a flat, sometimes a depressed, 
surface or apex, the younger ones occasionally papillæform, the older generally more 
or less maculæform. Several spermogones are usually crowded on each thalline areola. 
The ostiole is round or irregular, very variable as to size, e even to the naked eye. 
The spermatia are straight rods, 3555 to 3055 long, and 35500 broad, given off by sub- 
simple sterigmata, which are frequently only 355% long and 355557 broad. The thallug 
is thickish, white, areolate and cracked, bounded by a black hypothallus. 
Specimen 4. Var. calcarea, L.: Shelong, Kumaon, 13,000 ft, on the Himalayas: 
Strachey and Winterbottom; in Kew herbarium. Spermogones are abundant, as black 
papillæ, seated on grey thalline warts. 
Specimen 5. Switzerland: in Kew herb. Apothecia large, urceolate. Spermogones 
abundant on sterile thalline areole, as pale reddish-brown immersed conceptacles. No 
spermatia visible. 
Specimen 6. On weathered basalt: Longmynd, near Church Stretton, Shropshire: 
Leight. Exs. no. 204. The spermogones are scattered among the apothecia, and are with 
diffieulty visible save under moisture. They are abundant as small black cones, gene- 
rally one, seldom more than two, seated on each sterile thalline areola. The spermatia 
are acicular and of medium size; the sterigmata sublinear, and simple or subdigitate, 
intermixed with elongated, sterile, hypertrophied filaments, that are usually simple or 
slightly ramose. The basal cellular tissue is colourless. 
Specimen 7. On compact felspar: Caer Caradoc, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. no. 175 
(sub nom. Parmelia cinerea). The spermogones are most abundant on sterile thalline 
scales on the under surface of the stone. There is generally only one on each areola. 
The spermogones are small black dots, somewhat conspicuous on the dark grey areolze, 
elevated, flattened or depressed, according very much to age. "The spermatia are abun- 
dant and acicular; the sterigmata are subsimple or subdigitate, irregularly bulging 
sometimes. From among the fertile sterigmata project sometimes sterile ones that are 
thick, articulated, and coarse. 
Specimen 8. On grit: Haughmond Hill, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. no. 81. The dark- 
grey thallus is copiously dotted over with minute black papillæ, which have the external 
aspect of spermogones, but which are the perithecia of the parasitic Verrucaria gemmi- 
fera, Tayl.*, which contains 8-spored asci, and brown, 1-septate sporidia. 
Specimen 9. On basalt: Blackcairn Hill, near Newburgh, Fifeshire, May 1858, W. 
L. L. What are apparently spermogones, containing, however, no spermatia, are wholly 
immersed, marked on the surface by a pale ostiole. 
Specimen 10. On granitic rocks, Switzerland; Scheerer, Exs. no. 620 (sub nom. Urce- 
= Tichothecium of my paper on “ Parasitic Micro-lichens."— Quart. Journ. of Microscopical Science, 1869, p. 25. 
