218 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
mogones are seated mostly on the edges of separate thalline scales, between the apo- 
thecia, one, more generally two or three, occurring on each areola, as small, roundish, 
black spots, generally surrounded by a slightly raised pale thalline margin, giving the 
aspect of slight papille. The spermatia are long, cylindrical, thickish, obtuse at ends, 
slightly twisted or curved, seated on very short inconspicuous sterigmata, about i355 
long. 
Specimen 5. On coarse sandstone, Yorkshire: Dr. Carrington. The spermogones are 
abundant on the greyish, isidiiform areolæ, of which the thick tartareous thallus con- 
sists, as minute, black papillæ, containing spermatia and sterigmata of the character of 
those of L. subfusca. 
Specimen 6. On very coarse red grit, Nesscliff Hill, Shropshire, associated with 
L. hematomma: Leight. Exs. no. 214. The thallus is very much warted and very irre- 
gular, dotted over here and there with largish, black, prominent papillæ, which are sper- 
mogones. The spermatia are frequently more or less curved or twisted, but seldom to 
such an extent as in L. subfusca, than whose spermatia they are also thicker. The sterig- 
mata are more simple than in the type, though they are longer than those of L. subfusca, 
frequently digitate, though seldom distinctly articulated. 
Specimen 7. On flints near Glenarm, co. Antrim : Dr. Moore in herb. Carroll (sub nom. 
Urceolaria, sp.). The apothecia are urceolate, being -semiimmersed in a smoothish, 
cream-coloured, areolate thallus. The spermogones are very abundant as immersed, 
round, pellucid, brownish spots. The spermatia are about 4455; long and 55355 broad, 
straight, sometimes slightly eurved. On a separate thallus, in some of the specimens, are 
pycnides, referable perhaps to the Lecanora, perhaps to some parasitic micro-fungus or 
micro-lichen. They are black and punctiform, containing stylospores, that are deep-olive 
or bluish-brown, simple, very irregular as to size and shape. 
Specimen 8. Scuir-na-gillean, Skye, Aug. 1856: W. L. L. "Thallus consists of a series 
of isidioid cushions, with irregular fissures separating them. Spermogones abound on - 
these cushion-like areolæ, as black spots, mostly degenerate. 
Specimen 9. On trees between Dalmahoy and Currie, near Edinburgh, June 1856: 
Dr. Murray Lindsay. Spermogones are old and degenerate, as largish black irregular 
points, erowning the apiees of some of the pulvinuli of which the thallus is made up. 
'They frequently resemble young apothecia, with which they are apt to be confounded. 
Species 6. L. SUBFUSCA, Ach. 
Specimen 1. On trees in the woods: Craig Choinich, Bremar, August 1856, W. L. L. ; 
associated with Lecidea disciformis, Fr. The thallus is smoothish and cream-coloured, 
copiously marked with chinks or fissures. The apothecia are large and handsome, with 
a flexuous border. The spermogones are very plentiful, and more distinct than I have 
elsewhere seen them in this species. They are wholly immersed either in the general 
thallus, or on a patch of the thallus external to the apothecia, or in some of the small 
thalline wartlets. The ostioles are brownish, of similar colour to the disk of the apo- 
thecia, but paler, girt by a subprominent thalline margin; their apex is flat, and their 
outline irregular. They are crowded so as to resemble the young apothecial hymenia of 
