PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS, 219 
an Urceolaria, and they resemble some forms of Lecanora cinerea, var. cinereo-rufescens. 
Thallus, spermogones, and ostioles, alike have a waxy character. The spermatia are 
slender, and twisted or curved, 5555 to 1357 in length, arising from simple, vesicular 
sterigmata. The spermogones here and in other specimens of Z. subfusca, examined by 
myself, do not correspond with their characters as recorded by Tulasne*. Thus I have 
never found them black; they are usually small thalline wartlets, with pale, largish, 
flattish ostioles, which are frequently confluent, in which case they crown thailine warts 
of unusual irregularity. 
Specimen 2. On various trees, Dunscombes Wood and about Cork, Carroll: associated 
with Verrucaria Taylori, Carr. The spermogones are abundant and very distinct, asso- 
eiated with the apothecia; they are recognizable as round, subpellucid, pale brown, flat 
spots, which are the ostioles of immersed conceptacles. "The envelope, or basal cellular 
tissue of the sterigmata, is deep bluish-brown. The spermatia are 3755 long, twisted, or 
curved, seated on simple sterigmata, which, with the attached spermatia, measure 1355 
long. 
. Specimen 3. Borrer, 1805, in Kew herb. English doubtless, but without record of 
habitat: referred to Lecidea luteola. The apothecia are certainly very like those of the 
Lecidea, except that they are rather browner; the border is of the same colour as the 
disk when moistened, and subtranslucent; but the spermogones and sporidia are those 
of L. subfusca. 
Specimen 4. Fort Augustus, August 1856: W. L.L. The spermogones are abundant 
as pale, flattened, irregular, thalline warts, scattered among the large crenate-bordered 
apothecia; they are crowned with a pale greenish, irregular ostiole, but contain no free 
spermatia. 
Specimen 5. On trees, Glen Nevis, August 1856: W. L.L. Associated with Physcia 
stellaris, Ach. Apothecia abundant; spermogones are minute, white, thalline warts, 
resembling young apothecia. 
Specimen 6. On basalt, coast of Antrim, Taylor, in herb. Dr. Moore; associated with 
Placodium murorum, Hoffm. | Spermogones are immersed in thalline areolæ, the ostioles 
being small, pale brown, and pellucid. Spermatia are 5355 long and 555655 broad, seated 
on linear, delicate, slightly branching sterigmata. 
Specimen 7. On poplars near Shrewsbury, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. no. 116 (sub nom. 
Parmelia subfusca, var. distans, Fr.). Spermogones occur on the right-hand specimen in 
my copy as small wartlets, with blackish, stellate, or irregular ostioles. Spermatia 
curved as in the type; sterigmata subspherical vesicles, also as in the type. 
Specimen 8. Associated with L. polytropa: Leight. Exs. no. 153. Spermogones are 
black points or papillulæ, seated in the centre of thalline areolæ, having externally the 
aspect of those of L. atra. Sterigmata largish. 
Specimen 9. Associated with Lecidea disciformis: Leight. Exs. no.180. The spermo- 
gones are small, brown-tipped, translucent tubercles, occurring in a patch by themselves. 
The spermatia are long, and twisted ; the sterigmata subspherical, both as in the type. 
Specimen 10. On old willows and poplars, Switzerland; associated with Lecidea 
* Mém. p. 184, pl. 13. f. 23. 
