220 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
synothea, var. chalybeia, Hepp Exs. no. 15. On the left-hand specimen in my copy occurs 
a patch of spermogones resembling young apothecia; the ostioles black, with a whitish 
margin. Spermatia all curved or twisted, but much smaller than those of L. subfusca 
generally are. Sterigmata spherical, as in the type. 
Specimen 11. Var. epibrya, Ach. On dead moss growing over calcareous rocks, St. 
Moritz, Switzerland: Hepp Exs. no. 185 (sub nom. Lecanora hypnorum, Wulff,— var. 
hypnorum of L. subfusca, Scher. Exs. no. 311). The spermogones are small white 
tubercles, scattered among the apothecia, with brown tips (—ostioles). The spermatia 
are long, only some of them twisted or curved, but seldom so much so as in the type. 
Sterigmata are long and linear, frequently branching below, in a digitate or palmate 
manner; they are much longer than is common in the type. Sterile hypertrophied 
sterigmata project from among the fertile ones, but seldom to a great degree. The 
character of the spermogones shows the propriety of referring this lichen as a var. to 
subfusca. 
Specimen 12. Yorkshire: sent me by Dr. Carrington. On a white granulate thallus 
occur small, black, irregular spermogones, with short, subellipsoid spermatia, about _ 
todo long, seated on sterigmata, which measure, with their attached spermatia, 1355 
long, and are linear and simple, or slightly branching below like those of Ramalina*. 
Specimen 13. Var. muralis, Nyl. (= Lecanora galactina, Ach. pr. p.). On limestone 
near Cork, Carroll, March 1856: associated with Lecidea rupestris, Scop. (which Ny- 
lander erroneously, I think, refers to Lecanora cerina as a variety). Apothecia are mostly 
degenerate; from disappearance of the border, they seem as if subimmersed and Gyalec- 
teeform; the disk is nearly as pale as the thallus. Spermogones have the characters of 
those of the type; they are very indistinct, however, immersed, pale brownish-yellow, and 
pellucid, containing spermatia, much curved and twisted, about 37255 long and 44-555 
broad, on simple sterigmata. 
Specimen 14. On trees, Caerlaverock road, Dumfries, August 1856, W. L. L. (—var. 
campestris, Hepp Exs. no. 63). Thallus is very granular or much warted; apothecia 
large and handsome. Spermogones are isolated, but occur in considerable numbers as 
small, round, flattened, thalline warts, with brown, roundish ostioles, very closely resem- 
bling nascent apothecia. The spermatia are abundant and distinct ; they are all much 
eurved or (with their sterigmata) siekle-shaped, of the same breadth throughout, not 
twisted, and of uniform shape, about 3375 to 1555 long, somewhat resembling those of 
Opegrapha vulgata. Sterigmata are subcolumnar, tapering superiorly, broader in the 
middle than at either end. Both spermatia and sterigmata differ remarkably from those 
figured as typical of subfusca in 'Tulasne's Mémoire (plate 13. fig. 20). 
.. Specimen 15. On trees, woods between Penicuick and Roslin, near Edinburgh, May 1856 : 
Dr. Murray Lindsay. Associated with abundance of Lepraria viridis, T. & B. Spermo- 
gones are minute, black, and punctiform, scattered sparingly outside the region of the young 
apothecia, superficial, and differing both in external and internal characters from those of 
the type, though agreeing more nearly with Tulasne's description of their outward aspect 
(p. 184). The spermatia are ellipsoid, comparatively minute, about 3757 long, resembling 
* As figured in my first Memoir on Spermogones (of the Higher Lichens), pl. v. figs. 9, 11, 12, 14, 18. 
