PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 221 
the supposed spores of some Pyrenothee. Sterigmata are indistinct, but are probably 
short and simple. 
Specimen 16. On trees, near Dunglass, Cockburnspath, June 1856, Dr. Murray Lind- 
say. Spermogones are minute, black, punctiform; the spermatia acicular, seated on 
longish, simple sterigmata, which broaden out somewhat below. Associated with Torula 
lichenicola, Linds., whose coloured spore-chains and spores at once distinguish it. 
Specimen 17. Carrigaloe, Cork: Carroll Associated with the Lecanora are certain ' 
elongated conceptacles, resembling the lirellæ of an Opegrapha, containing myriads of 
atomic spermatia, about 45-155 in diameter, borne on short, simple, linear sterigmata. 
It is impossible here to determine whether the spermogones in question belong to the 
-Lecanora ; to some other lichen whose apothecia do not here appear; or to some fungus, 
whose other forms of fructification are not here exhibited ! 
Speeimen 18. Var. albella, Pers. Switzerland, Hepp Exs. 187 (sub Lecanora pallida, 
var.). Pycnides occur as small brown punctiform bodies, scattered about the periphery of 
the thallus. Their envelope is of deep-brown cellular tissue. The stylospores are also 
brownish, suboblong, usually 1-septate, on short, simple, linear basidia. 
Species 7. L. ERYSIBE, Ach. 
Specimen 1. On slate, shores of Great Island, Cork : Carroll, Sept. 1858 : associated with 
Lecidea albo-atra, Hffm., var. saxicola, Fr. Thallus is dark ash-gray, areolate or cracked. 
On the thalline areole, generally one on each, are seated the spermogones, which are 
abundant, wholly immersed, very inconspicuous, even under moisture. The ostioles are 
very small, brown, flattened points, not surrounded by any thalline ring. Spermatia 
are much curved or twisted, about 1555 to 1555 long, when stretched straight, that is to 
their full length; the sterigmata are simple, measuring, with attached spermatia, 7i; 
to 105 long. The spermogones and their contents are quite those generally regarded 
as typical in L. subfusca; an additional reason for considering L. erysibe*, as very closely 
allied to subfusca, under the genus Lecanora. The spermogones of L. erysibe may be 
confounded with the apothecia of a very minute parasitic Arthonia, which is probably 
A. punctella, Nyl. (Mudd. Brit. Lich. p. 252)t. The parasite is scattered over part of the 
thallus, as generally irregular papillæ, frequently becoming difform, never large and 
never distinct, even under the lens, black when dry, brown when moistened. It pos- 
sesses 1-septate sporidia, very like those of the Lecanora, on which it grows. Its struc- 
ture thus at once separates it from spermogones of any kind. 
Species 8. L. OLIVACEA, Duf. 
Specimen 1. Central France: Nylander's Exs. (Herb. Lichen. Paris.). Spermogones 
are immersed in the little scales of which the thallus is composed, the ostioles being 
* Mudd (Brit. Lich. p. 141) places it in the Massalongian genus Lecania, which has compound sporidia (1- to 
3-septate). 
+ Regarding it then as a new species, I gave it the provisional name A. erysiboides in my Herbarium Notes in 
1858. Like A. melaspermella, Nyl., and certain other punetiform and papilleform, Mierothelioid or Verrucarioid, 
Arthonic, it has doubtful claims to be classified as an Arthonia. 
VOL. XXVIIL 21 
