P & 
PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 223 
Specimen 5. On granitic rocks, St. Moritz, Switzerland: Hepp Exs. no. 189. Sper- 
mogones are black points, scattered in groups among the apothecia, on the pale, greenish- 
yellow, cushion-like areole into which the thallus is divided. Spermatia are subvermi- 
form, seated on sterigmata that branch subdigitately below. 
Species 10. L. varia, Ach. 
Specimen 1. On trees, Caerlaverock-road, Dumfries, August 1856: W. L. L. Sper- 
mogones occur as black points, seated on the granulations of which the thallus is made 
up. Spermatia are very abundant and distinct, resembling in character those of subfusca 
and sulphurea, curved or twisted when free, straight, or very slightly so, while attached, 
thickish, obtuse at ends, about 35575 long, borne on longish, simple, linear sterigmata, 
similar to those of polytropa, sulphurea, and subfusca. 
Speeimen 2. On birch, Glenarm Deer Park, co. Antrim: Dr. Moore. Spermatia much 
less curved than usual, and frequently very short, as if mere portions of full-sized sper- 
matia, viz. 5666 to 5560 long. 
Specimen 3. On fir-bark, Twyford churchyard, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. No. 176 (sub 
nom. Parmelia varia). Spermogones are small brown points or papillulæ, each seated on 
one of the thalline areolæ. Spermatia are all curved or twisted, but are much smaller 
than usual (in the type). Sterigmata vesicular or subspherical. Projecting from among 
the sterigmata are the spore-chains of Torula lichenicola, Linds*. 
Specimen 4. Var. pallescens, Sch. On old palings about St. Moritz, Switzerland: 
Hepp Exs. no. 190. Spermogones are small, brown points, seated on separate thalline 
scales, scattered among the apothecia. Spermatia are very delicate, mostly curved, seated 
on longish, simple, or digitate sterigmata, as in many forms of subfusca and sulphurea. 
Specimen 5. Var. pallescens, Sch. On decayed wood, Switzerland: Schærer Exs. 
No. 325 (sub nom. Parmelia varia, var.). Dark or black punctiform ostioles, scattered 
on separate thalline wartlets or granulations, mark the immersed spermogones. Sper- 
niatia and sterigmata are those of the type. 
Specimen 6. Var. symmicta, Ach. (=Lecanora orosthea, Auct.). On old bark, Ireland, 
Miss Hutchins, in Herb. Carroll. The sterile portion of the subpulverulent thallus is 
studded over with small but distinct black round points that may be regarded either as 
spermogones or pycnides, according to the view taken of the character of their contained 
corpuscles T. In view of their uniformity as to size and their simplicity as to structure, 
I prefer regarding the conceptacles in question as spermogones. They differ widely in 
their contents from those of the type. The spermatia are atomic in size, about 153555 long 
and 30505 broad, subspherical or subellipsoid, seated on simple, linear, sterigmata. 
From among the fertile normal sterigmata project elongated, tortuous, ramose, filaments, 
resembling those of Cladonia, as the latter are figured in my former Memoir on Spermo- 
gones (plate vii. figs. 20, 28, & 29). A minute fungus, determined by Mr. Currey to be 
an Hysterium, is associated with the spermogones in question. 
* «New Lichenicolous Miero-Fungi:" Trans. Royal Society of Edinb., p. 533, plate xxiii. fig. 17. 
+ Vide “ Anatomical or Structural Distinction between Spermogones and Pycnides” in my paper on * Polymor- 
phism in the Fructification of Lichens :” Quart. Journal of Microscopical Science, January, 1868. 
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