PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 225 
with the Lecanora, but not necessarily belonging to it, are spermogones very different 
from those of the type. They resemble the apothecia of Lecidea chalybeia, Borr., are black, 
flattish, with a slightly raised black border. For spermogones they are unusually large, 
apothecioid and Lecideine. Spermatia are acicular, about 4553 long, and 535455 broad, 
seated on arthrosterigmata resembling those of certain Parmelie*. The only other lichen 
occurring on the same stone is Lecidea petrea, to which the spermogones in question 
cannot be assigned. 
Specimen 4. Associated with .L. polytropa in the right-hand specimen in my copy of 
Leighton's Exs. No. 153, are spermogones which probably belong to it, containing sper- 
matia, which, as usual in this species, are mostly and much curved or twisted when free, 
but are frequently straight or slightly curved according to age while attached. Sterig- 
mata are digitately divided below, with sublinear segments tapering superiorly. It is of 
interest here to notice the cireumstance that the spermogones do not occur on the thallus 
to which they nevertheless in all probability belong. 
Species 12. L. CERVINA, Pers. 
Specimen 1. Var. sinopica, Sch. On slate, Aber, Caernarvonshire, Leight. Exs. No. 255 
(sub nom. Endocarpon smaragdulum, var. sinopicum). Spermogones are very incon- 
spicuous as mere dots on the thalline scales; their cavity is long, narrow, and tortuous ; 
their walls of pale, not brown, cellular tissue. Spermatia are in myriads, atomic in size, 
subspherical or oval, given off by very short, slender, linear sterigmata. Tulasne figures 
the sterigmata as articulated +. Nylander, on the other hand, describes the sterigmata 
of cervina as simple! 
Specimen 2. Var. percena, Ach. On calcareous rocks, Swiss Alps: Scher. Exs. 
No. 613. Spermogones occur, as in the preceding, on thalline scales, as minute, black 
dots wholly immersed, undistinguishable externally from young apothecia. These thal- 
line scales are thick and of a deep brownish-red colour. Spermatia are atomic in size, 
ellipsoid, about 13555 long. Sterigmata resemble those of Alectoria and Lichina |, very 
delicate, closely aggregated, about 3755 to 3755 long. 
Specimen 3. Var. Collematoides. On pure quartz rock—collected by Dr. Moore in 
Ireland —probably Co. Antrim, but no special locality given; in Herb. Carroll, sent me 
in 1858, sub nom. Collema, sp. There is scarcely any ordinary thallus, the plant con- 
sisting mainly of clusters of apothecia, black when mature, flattened, with a distinct 
border, which becomes irregular, corrugated or wavy. The apothecia are rather Lecideine 
than Lecanorine, the disk and border having usually the same colour; they are apt to 
become variously elongated (Lirelloid) or otherwise deformed. In respect of apothecia, 
the plant is closely allied to vars. pruinosa, Sm., and simplex, Dav. (=Lichen pruinosus, 
E. Bot. t. 2244 (2041), and L. simplex, Davies, E. Bot. t. 2152 (2038) $). It is interme- 
* Asfigured in my former Memoir on Spermogones, plate xi. fig. 14, P. caperata ; plate xii. fig. 11, P. kamtschadalis. 
t Mémoire sur les Lichens: Ann. des Sciences Nat., 3rd ser. (Botany), vol. xvii. (1852) plate 10. fig. 21. 
t As figured in my 1st Memoir on Spermogones, plate iv. figs. 18, 19, and plate xv. fig. 34. 
$ These figures refer to the numbers of the plates in both 1st & 2nd editions of the * English Botany’ of Smith 
and Sowerby. 
