226 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
diate between pruinosa and simplex, passing into either according as its apothecia become 
more Lecideine or more Lirelloid. The thallus, on the other hand (when it occurs, for it 
_ appears to be evanescent and is always barren of apothecia, though it bears spermogones), 
has somewhat the characters of that of var. rufescens, Borr., or smaragdula, Ach. The 
whole plant resembles so closely Collema athallum, Dufour, and has so Collematoid a 
faeies that I have ventured to distinguish it, provisionally at least, as form collema- 
toides. Spermogones occur as brown spots, immersed in the centre of separate or aggre- 
gate brownish warts. Spermatia are straight rods, about 5555 long and 45:455 broad, 
borne on longish articulated sterigmata. The characters of the spermatia and sterigmata, 
it must be observed, are those of Collema*, to which genus the plant may really after all 
be referable. The few specimens submitted to my examination do not, however, enable 
me to determine this point. Hypothallus black. By some lichenologists the endocarpoid 
forms of the protean and puzzling species cervina are associated with the very different- 
looking Lecideine forms. It appears to me that it would be preferable to classify the two 
groups separately—the first under Endocarpon, to which genus it is allied by its apo- 
thecia and spermogones; the second under Lecidea, to which it belongs more properly 
than to Lecanora. The first group would thus include squamulosa, Schrad., percena, 
Ach., smaragdula, Ach., microstictica, Leight., sinopica, Wahlb.; while the latter would 
comprise simplex, Dav., pruinosa, Sm., Heppii, Næg., privigna, Ach., collematoides, Linds. 
Species 13. L. soPHODES, Ach. 
Specimen 1. On quartzose rock, Lythe Hill, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. No. 146 (sub 
Parmelia). Spermogones are abundant on the left-hand (sterile) specimen in my copy 
as distinct, black papillæ, seated on the thalline areolæ, 1, 2, or 3 on each.  Spermatia are 
minute and rod-shaped, seated on longish arthrosterigmata, resembling those of Collema 
or Stictar. The very different character of the spermatia and sterigmata is one certain 
means of distinguishing sophodes from atra, which are, however, otherwise sufficiently 
separated by their sporidia. 
Specimen 2. On trunks of oak about Vire, Switzerland : Schærer, Exs. No. 569 (sub nom. 
Lecanora atra, var. exigua, Fr.). Spermogones abound as minute, black papillæ, topping 
separate, whitish, thalline warts. Spermatia are very minute rods, about 5555 to 5555 
long, seated on arthrosterigmata, which are in some spermogones composed of numerous 
short, broad articulations, as in Sticta; while in others the articulations are fewer and 
narrower, as in Physcia stellaris}, the latter form being the commoner. 
Specimen 3. On bark of young trees, Switzerland: Hepp Exs. No.77 (sub Psora). 
Spermogones are plentiful in the upper specimen in my copy as minute, black papillule, 
scattered about the black hypothalline boundary-line. Spermatia are all curved, thickish, 
with obtuse ends, seated on subspherical sterigmata. The character of the spermatia and 
sterigmata is very different, therefore, from those of thetype. Nor do they correspond alto- 
gether with those of Z. subfusca, which is associated with sophodes in Hepp’s specimen, 
* As figured in my 1st Mem. Spermog., plate xv. fig. 45, and described on p. 271. 
t As figured in my Ist Mem. Spermog., plate x. figs. 11 & 19. t Ibid. plate xiii. figs. 22, 23, 
