PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 227 
and to which the spermogones in question may be referable. The spermatia are here, 
however, both shorter and thicker than those common in subfusca; so that whether we 
refer them to that species or to sophodes, they are not those of the type. Nylander, again, , 
describes the spermatia of sophodes as straight and as seated on simple sterigmata ! 
Species 14. S. TURFACEA, Ach. 
Specimen 1. On earth and moss, St. Moritz, Hepp Exs. No. 83 (sub Psora). Sper- 
mogones are small, brown dots, scattered over the white thallus, which incrusts withered 
moss as the var. muscorum of Lecidea vernalis, or as Biatora fusca, does. Spermatia are 
minute rods, seated on arthrosterigmata, whose articulations are indistinct, but appear to 
be short and narrowish as in Physcia stellaris. Both spermatia and sterigmata have the 
characters of the type in sophodes, of which turfacea appears to be merely a form. Basal 
cellular tissue of the sterigmata is deep brown. 
Species 15. S. MILVINA, Wahl., which is closely allied, like turfacea, to sophodes, if it 
should not properly be ranged under it as a variety. 
Specimen 1. On red slate, Carig mountain, co. Kerry: Dr. Taylor in Herb. Dr. 
Mackay, Dublin. Young thallus consists of tawny-yellow or whitish irregular scales, 
gradually coalescing into an areolate crust. In maturity the thallus is thiek, mostly 
tawny-yellow, smoothish, areolate or irregularly cracked. Spermogones are abundant as 
small, round, brown, pellucid dots or papillulæ, seated in the centre of the young thalline 
scales, immersed or semi-immersed according as they are punctiform or papillæform. 
Spermatia are straight and rod-shaped, about 3555 to 7099 long and 55:555 broad, seated 
on Uie eee that measure with attached spermatia 1355 to yooo long, or, by them- 
selves, 5455 long, and 5555 broad, and are below slightly digitately divided. 
Specimen 2. On granite, Kerry: Dr. Moore in Herb. Carroll Thallus consists of an 
aggregation of minute, greyish, cushion-like areolæ. Spermogones are abundant on the 
region outside of the apothecia, generally as small, but subprominent, brown cones or 
papillee, sometimes as depressed ostioles, round or irregularly corrugated, in the centre 
of thalline papillæ, seldom more than 1 or 2 on each thalline areola. Spermatia are 
straight rods 5555 long and 55555 broad, on sterigmata about 3555 long and 5555 broad, 
sometimes simple, though bulging very irregularly in outline, sometimes articulated, 
the articulations being, however, always few. Nylander describes the sterigmata of 
málvina as simple ! | 
Species 16. L. TORQUATA, Fr. 
Specimen 1. On granitic rocks. The Grimsel, Switzerland: Scherer Exs No. 303 
(sub nom. Parmelia Schereri, Ach.). Spermogones externally (only) resemble those of 
LL. glaucoma, especially as regards site. They are scattered external to the region of the 
apothecia and are wholly immersed, their ostioles being small, irregular, deep grey, with 
a subpruinose, raised, thalline border. Spermatia are ellipsoid, about 5555 long and 
g broad, seated on very short, simple, linear sterigmata. 
1 
20,00 
