PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 229 
Specimen 4. On amygdaloid, Glen Farg, April 1858, W. L. L.  Spermogones are 
abundant as small, but distinct, orange papillæ, scattered, frequently in groups, on the 
dark areolate thallus, among the apothecia. Spermatia minute rods, 35555 long, and , 
500 broad, on very delicate arthrosterigmata. 
Specimen 5. On weathered basalt, Clatchart Craig, Newburgh, Fife, May 1858, W. 
L. L. Spermogones are very abundant on the dark lead-grey thallus, outside the region 
of the apothecia, as small papillæ, of the same colour as the apothecia. Spermatia are 
identical in size and form with those of the preceding, while the arthrosterigmata are 
similar, consisting, however, of stronger, thicker-walled cellules. 
Specimen 6. On trunks of trees about Vire. Scheer. Exs. No. 583, sub Lecidea ferru- 
ginea, var. cinereo-fusca, subvar. corticola. Spermogones are prominent, deep-orange-red 
or brownish-red, round tubercles (much deeper in colour than the apothecia), perched on 
the top of rugged warts of the greyish thallus. Spermatia are atomic in size, about 
5500 long, subellipsoid, given off by arthrosterigmata, similar to those of Physcia parie- 
tina*, though smaller in all their dimensions, and very indistinct. 
2 
Species 19. L. LALLAVEI, Clem., which I regard as a mere form of L. ferruginea. 
Specimen 1. On sandstone, Lower Glanmire-road, Cork, Carroll, Mar. 1858. "Thallus 
is white, mealy, very rugulose and rimulose, with Biatorine, deep rusty-red apothecia, that 
are well seen by contrast of their colour on the white ground.  Spermogones are scat- 
tered among the apothecia as small, brown, depressed points, with corrugated thick 
borders (— ostioles), seated on the irregularities of the thallus. Spermatia are very abun- 
dant, subellipsoid, atomic in size, about 35555 long, and 45.355 broad. Arthrosterigmata 
are, as frequently in ferruginea, very indistinct, composed of minute, thin-walled cellules. 
Specimen 2. On calcareous rocks about Montpellier, France, Schær. Exs. No. 584 (sub 
Lecidea erythrocarpia, var. Lallavei). Spermogones are abundant, scattered over the 
areolæ of the white tartareous thallus, especially about its periphery, to which they form 
a black-punctate fringe. They are greyish, round, immersed, having atomic, subellipsoid 
spermatia, about 33.500 long, seated on indistinct arthrosterigmata. 
Species 20. L. AURANTIACA, Lightf. 
Specimen 1. On the trunks of ash trees, near their base, Penmanshiel, Berwickshire, 
Hardy, Dec. 1856. Spermogones are abundant and easily recognizable under the lens; 
they are scattered among the apothecia, and especially external to the region occupied 
by them, as deep orange-red cones, which exhibit no distinct ostiole. Their colour is 
deeper orange than the apothecia. In structure they resemble the spermogones of 
Physcia parietinat. Spermatia are very minute rods, about sogo long. Arthrosterig- 
mata not distinctly seen. 
Specimen 2. On old bark, Clonmel, Ireland, Joseph McRight in herb. t: ; sent 
me for examination in March 1858. Spermogones are plentiful as small, irregular, deep- 
orange-tipped tubercles, situated outside the region of the apothecia, sometimes confluent, 
* As figured in my first Mem. Spermog. plate xiv. fig. 4. 
T As figured in my first Mem. Spermog. plate xiv. fig. 3. 
VOL. XXVIII. 2K 
