240 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
a series of small black papillæ, which may be mistaken for some forms of the spermo- 
gones of L. contigua, though not with the immersed form of the present specimen. The 
papillze here are the perithecia of the parasitie Verrucaria gemmifera, Tayl. (Leight. Exs. 
no. 137, Angioc. p. 47, pl. 20. f. 3,— Tichothecium of my “ Parasitic micro-lichens”*), The 
sporidia are 3555 long, and soyo broad, brown and 1-septate, and their presence at once 
distinguishes the perithecia, in which they are contained, from any forms of spermogone. 
The perithecia of the Verrucaria are always cones or papillæ, superficial, not immersed. 
Specimen 9. Var. turgida. On sandstone rocks about Cork, March 1858, Carroll. 
Thallus forms bluish patches, on which spermogones are very abundant, black, and 
punetiform. The spermatia are acicular, yooo long, and 35055 broad, seated on sterig- 
mata, which are 3555 long with spermatia attached, consisting of two, or a few, articu- 
lations. Basal cellular tissue light brown. 
Specimen 10. Var. turgida: degenerate form. On sandstone grit, Derrycunihy, Ire- 
land: Carroll. Thallus white, smooth, and areolate; apothecia flat or depressed, dege- 
nerate. Spermogones abundant, resembling those of L. fusco-atra, being small, pellucid, 
brownish spots, scattered on the thalline areolæ, irregular in form, though generally 
round or oval, flattened, wholly immersed, surrounded with a pale thalline ring or border. 
The spermatia are acicular, yoyo long, and 35555 broad, on sterigmata that are about 143555 
long, and are digitate, with irregular bulging outline, as in Abrothallus oxysporust. 
Specimen 11. Var. flavicunda, Ach. (which includes var. flavo-cærulescens, Ach., and 
var. ochromela, Ach.) This is a mere ochraceous condition, the thallus being coloured 
rusty-red or brownish-yellow by peroxide of iron. On weathered basalt, in an old wall, 
Strathmore Hill-road, near Perth, April 1858: W.L. L. "Thallus sterile in apothecia, 
rusty-red or yellow, areolate and rugged, associated with other patches, that are partly 
dark, sooty (subpulverulent), or whitish, smooth, and areolate (of the type). There 
are a few (2 or 3) black flask-shaped or gourd-shaped spermogones (a), with a subcon- 
spicuous ostiole, containing digitate sterigmata, and rod-shaped spermatia. Most of the 
spermogones, however, are flattish, largish, black, irregular, corrugate, scattered, resem- 
bling those of L. Ehrhartiana (= Thrombium corrugatum). They contain slender needles, 
3000 long, and 55505 broad, longer than those in form (a), on sterigmata about 25 to 
1357 long, consisting seldom of more than two delicate articulations. The first form of 
spermogone occurs associated with small, black, urceolate apothecia, which are apparently 
referable to the Lecidea. 
Specimen 12. Var. flavicunda. Top of Ona mountain, co. Antrim ; Dr. Moore in herb. 
Carroll. “Occurs occasionally," says Moore, “ on the highest summits of the northern 
mountains” (of Ireland), “always sterile as to apothecia,” but forming large—frequently 
spermogoniferous—patches. "Thallus is pale brownish-yellow, thick, much cracked, 
besprinkled with soredia that are white, round, and flat. It somewhat thus resembles 
the thallus of Z. armeniaca.  Spermogones are plentiful, immersed on or near the 
* * Enumeration of Micro-lichens, parasitie on other Lichens."— Quart. Journ, of Microscopical Science, Jan., 
April, and Oct., 1869, p. 25. 
T As figured in my ‘ Monograph of Abrothallus, plate v. fig. 2, 
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