249 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
culations, often attached at very irregular angles, giving the whole sterigma a geniculate 
character. 
Specimen 19. Var. PONE Ach. On coarse sandstone or grit, Yorkshire: Dr. 
Carrington, Oct. 1857. Spermogones are plentiful, scattered especially about the 
black hypothalline boundary-line, as largish, prominent, black cones or warts, which 
frequently show a distinct ostiolar perforation; they are seated on wartlets or granula- 
rities of the thallus. Spermatia are acicular; sterigmata digitate, as in Abrothallus 
oxysporus. 
Specimen 20. Type. On rocks, about the Fall of Foyers, Aug. 1856: W.L. L. Scat- 
tered over the thallus and among the apothecia are the minute, black, subprominent and 
superficial, papilleeform perithecia of the parasitic Verrucaria pygmea, Korb. (= Ticho- 
thecium of my ‘ Parasitic Micro-lichens,’ p. 25). There are no distinct paraphyses. The 
asci are in groups, become violet under iodine, are broadly obovate, and contain innu- 
merable, minute, brown, ellipsoid or oval, 1-septate sporidia. The structure of the hyme- 
nium thus at once distinguishes this parasite from any form of spermogone, which, 
nevertheless, externally it frequently resembles. 
Species 2. L. GoNIOPHILA, Flk. (Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 202). 
Specimen 1. Switzerland, Hepp Exs. no. 129, sub Biatora goniophila, Sch. The plant 
seems to me referable to L. contigua. Its spermogones are small black tubercles or 
cones, scattered among the apothecia. "Their envelope is deep bluish-brown; the sper- 
matia long, slender, needle-shaped, seated on indistinct, delicate, linear, subsimple 
sterigmata. 
Species 3. L. CRUSTULATA, Ach. (Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 209). 
Specimen 1. On flints and other stones, Switzerland: Hepp Exs. no. 130, sub Bia- 
tora crustulata, Sch. The plant appears to me referable to Z. albo-cerulescens, Fr., which 
again is not properly separable fron L. contigua. The spermogones are black specks, 
scattered on the scales, which compose the thallus. Spermatia and sterigmata are of the 
character of those of the preceding, save that the spermatia are rather shorter. 
Species 4. L. FUSCO-ATRA, Fr. 
Specimen 1. On compact felspar, Craig Rossie, Dunning, April 1858: W. L. L. The 
thallus is young, consisting of small, roundish or irregular, separate scales, scattered on a 
black hypothallus. The spermogones are seated at the corners of these scales, usually 
1 or 2 on each areola, at first appearing as small thalline papillæ, but becoming wholly 
immersed, the ostiole being black or brown, girt with a raised, irregular thalline ring. 
The spermatia are straight rods, 3556 long, and 35555 broad, borne on delicate sterig- 
mata, that are composed of but few simple articulations. 
Specimen 2. On weathered basalt, top of Blackcairn Hill, Newburgh, May 1858: W. 
L.L. In fruit. Spermogones are immersed at the corners of the thalline areolz, each 
ostiole being surrounded by a very slightly paler thalline rim. Spermatia are straight 
rods, 3055 long, and 55-55 broad. 
