PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 243 
Specimen 3. On basaltic boulders, top of West-Lomond Hill (1280 ft.), Fifeshire, April 
1858: W.L. L. Associated with Lecanora polytropa. "Thallus sterile of apothecia. 
Spermogones old and degenerate, confluent in largish irregular wartlets, subpulverulent, 
and brownish-grey. 
Specimen 4. Cliffrigg, Cleveland, 1856, Mudd.  Spermogones resemble those of Leca- 
nora glaucoma. They are either isolated or aggregated. In the former case they are 
immersed, the ostiole being scarcely prominent, round or irregular, and black, generally 
with a subprominent, though pale, thalline margin ; but here they are usually aggregated, 
so as to form irregular warts on the corners of sterile thalline scales, the ostioles becoming 
very irregular, lirellate and stellate, rather than punctiform. Some of the thalline 
areole are wholly covered by these spermogonal warts, by which they are rendered con- 
vex and very irregular in surface. The spermatia are rod-shaped, 4455 long; the sterig- 
mata are closely aggregated, and consist of a few articulations of linear subsimple cells. 
The basal cellular tissue is brown. 
Specimen 5. On basalt, Longmynd, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. no. 216. Spermogones 
are very distinct at the corners of the sterile thalline areole; they are immersed, the 
ostiole being black, and girt by a whitish, powdery thalline margin. "The spermatia are 
very abundant and slender, acicular, longish ; the sterigmata closely set together, deli- 
cate, subsimple, irregular in outline; the basal cellular tissue deep brown. 
Specimen 6. On quartz, Wrekin Hill, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. no. 240. Spermogones 
for the most part old, containing in abundance very ramose and tortuous, sterile, hyper- 
trophied sterigmata, projecting into the spermogonal cavity beyond the fertile ones, as 
in Ramalina. The fertile sterigmata, which are indistinct, appear to be digitately 
divided below, while the spermatia are of the ordinary rod-shaped character. 
Specimen 7. On micaceous rocks in subalpine districts of Switzerland: Scheer. Exs. 
no. 470, sub L. fumosa. Spermogones constitute distinct wartlets on sterile thalline 
areolæ, the ostioles being flat, prominent, black, and irregularly stellate, having a sub- 
Arthonioid facies. The spermatia are very abundant and rod-shaped, 37 long, seated 
on sterigmata about typ long, digitately divided below, or consisting of a few arti- 
eulations. 
Species 5. L. RIVULOSA, Ach. 
Specimen 1. On compact felspar and felspar porphyry, Craig Rossie, Dunning, April 
1858: W. L.L. The spermogones are quite those of L. fusco-atra as to site and external 
characters, being flat, pellucid, round spots, seated on the corners of the dark-grey thal- 
line areole, sometimes surrounded by a pale thalline ring, the body immersed. The 
spermatia are straight, but very short, rods 44,155 long, and 45:55; broad, on sterig- 
mata, very delicate and indistinct, consisting of few articulations. 
Specimen 2. On granite, co. Antrim: Dr. Moore, in herb. Carroll. Associated with 
ochraceous forms of .L. contigua. The spermogones resemble those of contigua and fusco- 
atra in being immersed in the corners of the areolæ, usually punctiform and indistinct 
from having the same colour as the thallus, sometimes subprominent and papillæform. 
The spermatia are short rods 15:555 long, and 45,555 broad, borne on sterigmata, about 
