246 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
form and size, with, however, a simple cavity. Spermatia are of the type (vermiform), 
about 1455 long, and 255055 broad. The sterigmata are simple, as in Lecanora subfusca. 
Basal cellular tissue pale brown. 
Specimen 6. On bark of old oaks, Switzerland: Hepp Exs. No. 140; accompanying 
L. abietina. Only one or two spermogones occur; they constitute papillar elevations of 
the thallus, each tipped with a stellate-fissured black ostiole. Both spermatia and sterig- 
mata are those of the type. 
Specimen 7. On bark of trees, Yeadon, Yorkshire, 1857: Dr. Carrington. "Thallus 
dark grey, and very granulate. Spermogones vary greatly in size, from the merest points 
with diffieulty distinguishable, to largish, distinct, black cones. Spermatia are vermiform 
as usual; when straightened out they measure yayo to 1505 long. 
Specimen 8. Associated with L. parasitica, Sch. (= L. inspersa, Tul.; Dactylospora, 
Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 224): Leight. Exs. No. 183. A small patch of thallus occurs, barren 
of apothecia. Spermogones are brown or black points, each crowning a thalline areola 
or scale. The envelope is of pale brown cellular tissue; the spermatia very abundant, 
long, and vermiform; the sterigmata simple, but sometimes slightly elongated, and irre- 
gular in outline. 
Specimen 9. Gloddaeth, Caernarvonshire: Leight. Exs. No. 230; associated with Per- 
tusaria pustulata, Ach. "There are two groups of spermogones, the first having the ordi- 
nary characters of those of the type (small, brown, translucent spots), containing vermi- 
form spermatia, and simple sterigmata ; the second containing atomic, spherical spermatia. 
The latter apparently belong as little to the Pertusaria as to the Lecidea; and it is 
impossible to determine whether to refer them to one or other of these lichens, or to some 
other lichen or fungus whose sporidiiferous conceptacles are not present. 
Specimen 10. On palings, Blarney, near Cork: Carroll, Mar. 1858. Spermogones are 
scattered about the black hypothalline boundary-line as brown, superficial, simple papillæ, 
like the perithecia of many Verrucarie. They appear to be mostly, if not altogether, 
degenerate, no spermatia having been detected. These spermogones are not those typical 
of parasema ; but the sporidia refer the plant to that comprehensive species. 
Specimen 11. Kinnoull Hill, Perth, April 1855: W. L. L. Spermogones are abun- 
dant, scattered over the grey thallus, or seated on separate thalline warts, the ostiole 
being, though normally round and punctiform, also occasionally triangular, stellate or 
chink-like (lirellæform). The spermatia are straight rods, about ¿557 long; the sterig- 
mata delicate, linear, simple cells, like those of Ramalina. The spermogones have thus 
externally the characters of those of some forms of parasema; but the spermatia and 
sterigmata differ. There is no associated lichen; and we must therefore either regard 
them as referable to a secondary form of the spermogones of parasema, or to some pri- 
mary form belonging to a lichen or fungus not here represented by its sporidiiferous or 
other conceptacles. 
Specimen 12. Yester House, Haddingtonshire, July 1856: Dr. Murray Lindsay. 
Apothecia degenerate. Spermogones of the ordinary kind do not occur; but their place 
is occupied by pycnides, which have externally the same characters, being black and 
papilleform. They contain stylospores, which are small, broadish, oblong or oval-oblong, 
