PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. | 249 
gined and black, afterwards becoming brown and Biatorine. "Thallus of whitish or pale 
greenish-yellow granulations or warts. On these are studded the spermogones, which 
are extremely difficult of discovery. The spermatia and sterigmata are of the type in Z. 
parasema. 
Specimen 3. On sandstone, Glengariff: Carroll. Associated with Lecanora sulphurea. 
Thallus consists of a series of whitish irregular warts, forming a more or less uneven 
crust. In sterile specimens these warts become much enlarged, and the seat of what 
appear to be spermogones, which are deep brown or blackish, immersed and punctiform. 
No spermatia, however, were detectable. 
+ 
Species 11. L. CONGLOMERATA, Ach. 
Specimen 1. In the Hookerian herbarium, Kew; no habitat given. Spermogones are 
scattered abundantly over the dark-grey thallus as small black cones, which become 
sometimes subflattened and irregular, each perched on a papillæform elevation of the 
thallus, in which its body is immersed. Spermatia are curved or twisted, as in parasema, 
1359 X 55400 On simple sterigmata, 3555 tO sooo X 15400 The spermogones are with 
difficulty visible, on account of the colour of the thallus. 
Specimen 2. On granitic rocks, the Swiss Alps: Scher. Exs. No. 169. Spermogones 
are scattered over the warted thallus as large, distinct, black, flattened cones, semi- 
immersed. Spermatia are long, curved, or twisted; the sterigmata longish, sublinear, 
simple. 
Species 12. L. PULVINATA, Tayl. (Fl. Hib. p. 123,— Bacidia, Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 185). 
Specimen 1. On moss and earth, Brandon mountain, Kerry: named by Taylor himself 
in herb. Dr. Moore, Glasnevin. "Thallus is sometimes lemon-yellow, sometimes greyish, 
subareolate, really made up of a series of small pulviniform warts. The spermogones are 
small black points, scattered, mostly on sterile patches of thallus, on wartlets of irregular 
form. The spermatia are curved or twisted, as in L. parasema, 3955 to 3555 long, and 
30000 broad, borne on short, simple, vesicular sterigmata, also like those of parasema. 
L. pulvinata is closely allied to L. citrinella, Ach., and especially its var. alpina, Sch., 
if it does not properly fall under that species as a mere variety. It has also certain points 
of resemblance to L. luteola, atro-grisea, and incompta ; or it may be said to be connected 
with Z. luteola through atro-grisea and incompta. The apothecia are black within and 
without, generally confluent and difform; the sporidia long, handsome, acicular, curved 
or vermiform, and polyseptate. 
Species 13. L. ALBO-ATRA, Hffm. 
Specimen 1. On tree-barks, Yester House, Haddingtonshire, July 1856: Dr. Murray 
Lindsay: associated in some specimens with Lecanora subfusca, and in others with 
Lecidea parasema. Both apothecia, spermogones, and pycnides occur, the two latter 
organs undistinguishable externally. The spermogones are black dots, scattered among 
the apothecia, but more especially outside the region occupied by them, perched on the 
apices of minute, whitish or pale thalline warts. The ostiole is generally not visible. 
