PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 253 
Species 17. L. MELASTIGMA, Tayl.(— Biatorina, Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 180; a mere variety 
of .L. chalybeia, Borr., in my opinion). 
Specimen 1. On sandstone, near Dunkerron, Kerry: Taylor in herb. Dr. Moore. The | 
spermogones are small black cones or papillæ, perched on the thin thalline scales, and 
scattered among the apothecia. The spermatia are subellipsoid, subatomic in size, 
150900 X 30000 apparently on very short, simple sterigmata. This character of the 
spermogones and their contents corresponds with that given of those of L. chalybeia by 
Mudd (p. 181). 
Species 18. L. Exi1uis, Flk. (Nyl. Prod. p. 136). 
Specimen 1. On the bark of young Acacias, Populus nigra, and other trees, Switzer- 
land: Hepp Exs. Nos. 472 and 473, sub .4brothallus exilis, and var. macrosporus. 
Spermogones are abundant and distinet as small, prominent, round, brown dots, scattered 
among the apothecia. Their cavity is round and simple; the envelope of indigo-blue cel- 
lular tissue; the spermatia abundant, suboblong, subatomic in size, on very short, linear, 
inconspicuous sterigmata. 
Species 19. L. SANGUINARIA, L. 
Specimen 1. On old pines (Pinus sylvestris chiefly), woods, Craig Choinich, Braemar, 
Aug. 1856: W. L. L. Apothecia abundant. Spermogones resemble, externally and in- 
ternally, those of Lecanora atra; but they are more distinet by reason of the lighter colour 
of the thallus, and the sparser distribution of the less numerous apothecia. The spermo- 
gones are here abundant ; some of them very distinct, large, round, and black, contrasting 
with the pale or whitish warts or granules of the thallus. The spermatia are acicular, 
about 3555 long. The sterigmata are partly composed of longish, narrow articulations, 
partly short and simple, subvesicular or irregular in outline. 
Specimen 2. On blasted Scotch firs (Pinus sylvestris), Glen Lui Beg, Braemar, Aug. 
1856: W. L. L. Spermogones are black and punctiform, seated on separate, whitish, 
small thalline warts; their interior consists of blood-red cellular tissue, resembling in 
colour the hypothecium. No free spermatia were seen, so that the spermogones appear 
to be degenerate or abortive. 
Specimen 3. On coarse sandstone in walls, Ingleby Park, Cleveland, 1856: Mudd. Here 
again the spermogones are black and punctiform, perched on separate thalline wartlets. 
The spermatia are acicular, about 3355 long, on arthrosterigmata, whose constituent 
cells are-shortish, and irregularly jointed to each other. Both spermatia and sterigmata 
resemble those of various Parmelie and Physcie, such as Parmelia olivacea, Physcia 
aquila, stellaris, or obscura. 
Specimen 4. On ground, Yorkshire: Dr. Carrington. Spermogones are abundant as 
minute, black papillee or points, crowning the grey, turgid, pulviniform warts of which 
the thallus is made up; immersed or semiimmersed. They resemble those of some forms 
of Lecanora atra. Spermatia and sterigmata are of the type. 
Specimen 5. On Mount Gurnigel, Switzerland: Scher. Exs. No. 231. Spermogones 
are most plentiful, on the left-hand specimen in my copy (ed. alt. immut. 1852), as 
VOL. XXVIII. 2 N 
