258 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
Specimen 4. On old trees, Upper Hartz: Hampe, 1846, No. 33, in Kew herb. This 
is the true L. abietina, with white-pulverulent apothecia, and 3-septate sporidia, asso- 
ciated with the leucocephalous pycnides of the type (= Verrucaria leucocephala). 
Specimen 5. Cleveland, Yorkshire: Leight. Exs. No. 164, sub Pyrenothea leucoce- 
phala, Fr. Both spermogones and pycnides occur here. Pycnides are associated with 
the ordinary whitish-pruinose apothecia of Z. abietina. These pycnides are themselves 
also white-pruinose, small, prominent, well-formed cones, or barrel-shaped conceptacles, 
black internally, with a distinct ostiole. The latter expands, and the interior gradually 
becomes exposed, so as to assume a disk-like character, the said pseudo-disk being very 
irregular in outline, girt by the fissured edges of the ostiole. In this condition the 
pyenides form very irregular warts, black above, white-pruinose at the sides, some- 
what like certain degenerate Lecanorine apothecia. Frequently, moreover, the pycnides 
are confluent, in which case they form still more irregular, anomalous, and larger 
tubercles. The stylospores are pale yellow, and very abundant, on short, simple, incon- 
spicuous basidia. The spermogones possess linear spermatia, straight or slightly curved, 
borne on sterigmata that are digitately divided below. | 
Specimen 6. On oak, Haughmond and Grimshil Hills, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. 
No. 124. Here the ordinary, black, scarcely pruinose, apothecia of the Lecidea are asso- 
ciated with spermogones, having spermatia, which are rod-shaped, very short and minute, 
on linear delicate sterigmata that bifurcate or branch below. Externally these spermo- 
gones are scattered, black, flat, and sublecidioid, somewhat resembling those of L. Ehr- 
hartiana, never pruinose, nor globose, and quite unlike the typical pyenides of Z. abietina, 
which have the character of the Pyrenothea leucocephala and P. vermicellifera of 
authors. 
Specimen 7. On rugged old bark, Brantsdale, Yorkshire. Leight. Exs. No. 225; asso- 
ciated with Coniocybe furfuracea, L. On left-hand specimen in my copy pycnides occur 
having the characters of the type, and of those in No.5. The stylospores and basidia are 
of the type. 
Specimen 8. On trunks of pines, Mount Gurnigel, Switzerland : Scheer. Exs. No. 533, 
sub Lecidea leucocephala, var. globulifera. Different forms of pycnide occur on the left- 
and right-hand specimens respectively in my copy. In the left-hand specimen they are 
those of the type, unassociated with apothecia. The stylospores are ellipsoid, 3455 X 
15:099» Which is their usual size—a size which exceeds that of any other lichen-stylospores 
with which I am acquainted. "The basidia frequently branch below, or they are given off 
as lateral and upward offshoots from a horizontal basal filament; a character this—their 
ramosity—which is quite unusual among the basidia of lichen-pyenides. They are about 
3000 long, and sometimes give off (apparently) two stylospores from their tips. This is 
another phenomenon quite uncommon in either pyenides or spermogones in lichens. 1 
have met with it occasionally in the latter organs * ; but the attachment of the spermatia 
or stylospores may be apparent rather than real, a, temporary or accidental adhesion, and 
not a genuine development from the sterigma or basidium. 
In the right-hand specimen the pyenides have the characters of the Pyrenothea vermi- 
* E. g. in Pannaria muscorum, Sch., as figured in my first Mem. Spermog. pl. xiv. f. 30. 
