264 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
but no habitat is given. The thallus is crustaceous, areolate, tawny-yellow—that is, 
nearly the same colour as the apothecia—which have quite the characters of those of 
corticolous forms, as given in Scherer’s Exs. No. 473, or Hepp's Exs. Nos. 17 & 18. 
The spermogones have the characters of those of Lecanora subfusca or L. varia; but no 
other apothecia are associated with those of the Lecidea. The spermogones in question 
are pale, pellucid, round spots, studded over the thalline areolæ, about the apothecia. 
The spermatia are vermiform, 3555 X 35559; on short, simple sterigmata, about 155 long 
with spermatia attached. 
Species 31. L. MILLIARIA, Fr. (= Bilimbia, Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 188). 
Specimen 1. Var. ligniaria, Ach. On decorticated wood, Swiss Alps: Scheer. Exs. 
No. 196, sub Z. sabuletorum, var. ligniaria. The spermogones are the most minute 
black points, scattered over the whitish thallus. The envelope is of deep-brown cellular 
tissue; the spermatia 15555 Xx0000. Subellipsoid, pyriform or oval, sometimes some- 
what irregular in shape—in this respect resembling stylospores—occasionally slightly 
curved. The sterigmata are indistinet, very short, linear, and simple. 
Species 32. L. svNoTHEA, Ach. (= Biatorina, Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 179). 
Specimen 1. On old palings, Switzerland : Hepp Exs. No. 14, sub Biatora synothea. 
The spermogones are very minute, black dots, scattered about, as well as (chiefly) ex- 
ternal to, the apothecia. The spermatia are very minute, thickish, linear, straight; the 
sterigmata very short, apparently simple, but inconspicuous. 
Specimen 2. Switzerland : Hepp Exs. No. 15, sub var. chalybeia; associated with 
Physcia stellaris, Fr. On the left-hand specimen in my copy is a patch of spermogones, 
which are black, papilleeform, with white thalline margin, resembling young apothecia. 
The spermatia and sterigmata have the characters of those of L. parasema, the former 
much curved or subvermiform, the latter subvesicular. These spermogones are so dif- 
ferent from their typical form in synothea that they may be really referable to some 
other lichen (such as Z. parasema), whose apothecia do not here occur. 
Species 33. L. rusca, Borr. (=Biatora, Hepp Exs. No. 11,— Biatorina, Krempelhuber, 
Lich. Fl. Bayerns, p. 289). 
Specimen 1. Hepp Exs. No.11. The spermogones are extremely difficult to recognize, 
even under moisture. They are superficial and easily removable, frequently like sand- 
grains, being abundant, very small, brown dots, scattered over the thin, inconspicuous, 
white thallus (which incrusts moss), and about the apothecia. Their envelope is of pale- 
brown cellular tissue. Spermatia are abundant, very minute, subellipsoid, or sublinear ; 
the sterigmata simple, longish, thickish, so delicate and so closely aggregated as to be 
iudividually scarcely distinguishable. 
Species 34. L. MINUTA, Sch. (Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 195). 
Specimen 1. On old Scotch firs (Pinus sylvestris), woods of Craig Choinich, Braemar, 
