PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 265 
August, 1856: W.L.L.  Seattered on some specimens are numerous pyenides, as 
minute, round, black conceptacles, generally with a gaping ostiole, which is round or 
. Stellate-fissured. The stylospores are round or oval, very irregular in size, and frequently 
also in outline; the basidia apparently very short and simple. "The basal cellular tissue 
is brown, of hexagonal or roundish cells. Though here associated with the Lecidea, 
these pyenides are not necessarily referable to it. Externally they are sometimes undis- 
tinguishable from some forms of the young apothecia. 
Specimen 2. On ash and other trees, Dunglass, near Cockburnspath, Berwickshire, 
June, 1856: Dr. Murray Lindsay. The spermogones are distinct under moisture, as very 
small, black, or deep-brown, immersed, punctiform conceptacles, scattered among the 
apothecia. The spermatia are rod-shaped, soyo long, borne on the apices of simple, linear, 
or subfusiform sterigmata. 
Species 35. L. PrNETI, Ach. (— Biatorina, Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 176). 
. Specimen 1. On alder, Ingleby, Cleveland, 1857: Mudd. The spermogones are very 
difficult of discovery. They are minute, round, and brown, with simple cavity, scattered 
over the dark-green, pulverulent thallus, resembling young apothecia. Their inner wall, 
whence spring the sterigmata, consists of deep-brown cellular tissue. They are full of 
very minute subellipsoid spermatia, 3455 X 15:599; borne on the apices of inconspicuous, 
short, simple sterigmata. 
Körber (Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 189) describes var. leucostigma, Ach., as consisting of sper- 
mogones which are very small, subapothecioid, with a punctiform ostiole, containing 
curved spermatia, which in this respect differ markedly from those above mentioned as 
belonging to the type. Nylander (Prod. p. 101) places pineti in that section of the 
genus Lecidea which has straight spermatia. 
Species 36. L. PROTUBERANS, Ach. (Nyl. Prodr. p. 109). 
Specimen 1. On calcareous rocks, Swiss Alps: Scher. Exs. No. 203. The spermogones 
are small, black points or cones, immersed, or semiimmersed, scattered external to the 
apothecia. The spermatia are rod-shaped, soso — vooo X 35500 on short delicate sterig- 
mata, digitately divided below, and irregular in outline as in Abrothallus oxysporus. 
Species 37. L. QUERNEA, Ach. (— Pyrrhospora, Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 192). 
' Specimen 1. Ebury, Bayston Hill, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. No. 61, sub Biatora 
quernea, Fr. The centre specimen in my copy contains spermogones as minute black 
points on the wartlets of the greenish, granulate thallus. The spermatia are vermiform, 
350-1000 long, on simple vesicular sterigmata, precisely as in Z. parasema. It is a 
source of doubt here that a few apothecia resembling those of parasema are intermixed 
with the typical ones of quernea, so that the spermogones now described might be re- 
ferred to parasema instead of quernea. But the same similarity of its spermogones to 
those of parasema occurs in the following, which exhibits no apothecia of parasema. 
Specimen 2. On oaks about Vire, Vosges: Pelvet; Scheer. Exs. No. 582. The spermo- 
