266 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
gones are very minute black dots, crowning separate greenish thalline wartlets, not visible 
to the naked eye, and scarcely so under the lens, even when moisture is applied. The 
spermatia are here again vermiform, on subcolumnar, simple sterigmata, which, with 
attached spermatia, measure about 555 to tooo long. 
A thalline wart in the centre of the right-hand specimen in my copy is covered with 
spermogones of quite a different character. They are small, black dots, grouped so 
closely as to give a dark-mottled or black-punetate appearance to the wart. Spermatia 
are about 5555 long, curved, cylindrical, thickish, with rounded or blunt ends, on short, 
simple, sublinear sterigmata. A few lirellze, containing 3-septate fusiform sporidia, of the 
character of those of Opegrapha herpetica, are present ; to which species the spermogones 
in question may belong. 
Nylander, in his * Prodromus” (p. 113), says, **Spermogonia ejus non vidi:” and it 
would appear that they are, if not rare, at least extremely difficult of detection. The 
resemblance between quernea and parasema is not confined to the spermogones, which are 
quite the same in the types of both species. But it extends also—in some measure, at 
least—to the apothecia and sporidia. Mudd describes and figures the latter as coloured 
“ reddish-brown or pale yellow” (Br. Lich. p. 192, and plate iii. fig. 75). But this is 
obviously an accidental coloration, similar to that which occurs in many other normally 
colourless Lichen-sporidia. Nylander describes them as colourless; and I have always 
found them so. They were so in Leighton's plant, in which their characters were, 
indeed, quite those of parasema. In both the above specimens, moreover, the apothecia 
also had the characters of those of parasema ; and I have found them quite as frequently 
black, flat and marginate, as reddish, convex, and immarginate. In short, if quernea is 
not to be referred to parasema, it is, at least, very closely allied. 
Species 38. L. coarcrata, Ach. (Nyl. Prod. p. 112,=.Lecanora, Mudd, Brit. Lich. 
p. 154). 
Specimen 1. Var. glebulosa, Sm. (Mudd, Brit. Lich. p. 154). On slate, Cleveland, 
Yorkshire: Leight. Exs. No. 149, sub Biatora glebulosa, Fr. The spermogones are 
minute, brown, punctiform, or papillæform, each seated on one of the minute scales of 
which the thallus is made up. The spermatia are acicular, about qoro X 25-155, borne on 
the apices of delicate longish sterigmata, digitately branching as in Cladonia, generally 
bulging distinctly immediately below the articulation of the spermatium. 
I see no good ground for dissociating this species from Lecanora, as Nylander has done, 
and placing it in the genus Zecidea. "The apothecia are normally Lecanorine, having an 
exciple differing conspicuously in colour from the disk. 
Species 39. L. DRYINA, Ach. (=L. lilacina, Ach.). 
Under these names several forms of spermogone occur, unassociated with apothecia, 
in the Kew herbarium, bearing the character of various species of the pseudo-genus 
Pyrenothea; e.g. P. lilacina, Fr., P. stictica, Fr., and P. insculpta, Wallr. 
