PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 271 
yes $6. 000 to 55300. The sterigmata are invariably simple, varying in length from 
1560 to gdgg in varia. In the same species long, delicate, ramose filaments project from 
among and beyond the sterigmata into the spermogonal cavity. Not unfrequently two 
or three forms of spermogone occur in the same species, (e. g. vulgata and herpetica,) if 
we may judge from the very different sizes (and sometimes forms) of the spermatia. 
Pyenides also occur in'a few species, (e. y. varia and atra,) either substitutionally for, or 
in addition to, spermogones. 
Species 1. O. VULGATA, Ach. 
Specimen 1. On ash, foot of Norman Law, near Newburgh, Fifeshire, May 1858: 
W.L.L. Associated with Verrucaria gemmata, Ach. Spermogones are abundant as 
small, black, punctiform bodies, scattered on the irregularly areolate, olive-coloured 
thallus. The spermatia are linear (or cylindrical), idc a a few slightly curved, 
5060 X 15500 On simple, sublinear sterigmata, sooo to 3005 long with spermatia 
attached. 
Specimen 2. On holly, Penmanshiel Wood, Berwickshire, Dec. 1856: Hardy. Sper- 
mogones are abundant as distinct black papille, scattered among the apothecia. Sper- 
matia are all crescent-shaped, on subspherical, simple sterigmata. Sporidia are 5-septate, 
pale yellow. 
. Specimen 3. Var. stenocarpa, Ach. So named by Leighton. On hazel, Bushiel Dean, 
Berwickshire, Nov. 1856: Hardy. Spermogones are as plentiful as in No. 2, of the same 
character, external and internal, occupying a similar site. Both sporidia and spermatia 
are pale yellow; a most unusual phenomenon quoad the spermatia. The sterigmata, as 
in the last case, are so short as to be inconspicuous or to appear absent. 
Specimen 4. On beech, Retreat, Berwickshire, Nov. 1856: Hardy.  Spermogones are 
externally as above, minute, round, subprominent and punctiform, scattered among the 
sparingly distributed apothecia. The spermatia, however, are very different, much 
shorter and narrower than the crescentic forms, linear (or cylindrical)—that is, of equal 
width throughout—curved or nearly straight, with obtuse or rounded tips. "They are, as 
is the case with many lichen-spermatia, usually curved when free, straight while attached. 
Sterigmata are longish, simple, sublinear. The lirellæ are much more scattered than is 
usual in vulgata, and the sporidia are pale yellow, and apparently 5-7-septate. 
Specimen 5. On trees, Kyles of Bute, Aug. 1852: W. L. L. Spermogones are very 
abundant, scattered over the greenish patchy thallus, external to the apothecia, as minute, 
brown, round, punetiform conceptacles, with simple cavity, and an envelope (or wall) of 
deep-brown cellular tissue. The spermatia are different from the other forms hereinabove 
described, in so far as they are straight or rod-shaped, about 5355 long, borne on the 
apices of short, simple, cylindrical sterigmata*. Sporidia are fusiform, 5-septate. 
Specimen 6. On bark of trees, Colin Glen, Belfast, 1851: Prof. Dickie; named by 
Carroll. The lirellæ are disposed in stellate-radiate groups, each group being engirt by 
a series of spermogones as distinct, black, round, punctiform bodies. The spermatia are, 
* Vide note in my former Memoir, p. 141. 
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