276 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
directly on the tree-bark. The spermatia are linear, slightly curved, 
short, simple sterigmata. 
1 1 
5000 X 20000 OR 
Species 4. O. VARIA, Pers.* 
Specimen 1. On old trees, near Belfast: Taylor in herb. Mackay. Degenerate, asso- 
ciated with Lepraria flava, Ach. There are a few isolated spermogones, black, round, im- 
mersed, punctiform. Spermatia oval, ellipsoid, or linear, subatomic in size, 15599 X 
1500 on simple sterigmata, linear, of equal width with the linear form of spermatia, 
about soyo long. | 
Specimen 2. On bark of trees, Switzerland, Scheer. Exs. No. 7, associated with Co- 
niocybe pallida, Fr.; and woods about Berne, Scheer. Exs. No. 13, associated with Calicium 
trichiale, var. stemoneum, Ach. Spermogones minute, round, black, punctiform. Sper- 
matia subellipsoid, subatomic in size. Sterigmata very short and simple, associated : 
with a few long, branching, sterile filaments. Spermogonal cavity simple. 
Specimen 3. On the bark of old lime trees, Switzerland: Hepp Exs. No. 155. Asso- 
ciated with Coniocybe pallida. Spermogones are superficial, scarcely immersed, small, 
black dots, seattered over the white thallus. Spermatia suboblong, subatomic. Sterig- 
mata longish, linear, branching from base, as in Ramalina. 
Specimen 4. On bark: Miss Hutchins, in herb. Carroll; no habitat given, but doubt- 
less Irish. Associated with Graphis inusta, var. macularis, Leight. Spermogones exter- 
nally like those of O. vulgata, black, punctiform, scattered. Spermatia rod-shaped, 5555 X 
70.099, On delicate, linear sterigmata, frequently or generally bifarcating below. 
Specimen 5. On oak, Switzerland: Scheer. Exs. No. 437, sub Spiloma viridans, Scheer. 
Associated with a few deformed, small, sublecideine lirellze of the Opegrapha are spermo- 
gones, very minute, black, scattered, punctiform. Spermatia abundant, rod-shaped or 
subellipsoid, 55656 tO 15575 X 35000, On very short, linear, simple sterigmata. 
Specimen 6. Dunscombes Wood, Cork: Carroll Spermogones are simple, round 
conceptacles, whose inner walls consist of a pale bluish-brown cellular tissue. Spermatia 
rod-shaped, 5566 X zo:500- Sterigmata simple, linear, 434155 with spermatia attached. 
Specimen 7. Var. notha, Ach. On old, decayed, or decaying wood, Killarney : Carroll. 
Lirellæ degenerate, and few in comparison with the much more abundant spermogones, 
which are here again small, black, and punctiform. Spermatia are rod-shaped, 5 X 
sowvoo» On very slender, linear sterigmata, branching simply from the base, about 44555 
to 3560 long with attached spermatia. 
Specimen 8. Var. pulicaris, Lightf. On the bark of old trees, Switzerland: Hepp Exs. 
No. 166. Scattered in groups between the lirellæ, on the white smooth thallus, are pyc- 
nides externally resembling the perithecia of a Verrucaria (e. g. gemmata or biformis), 
large, conspicuous, black, conoid; containing stylospores, large, varying much, however, 
in size as in form, oblong, oblong-oval, linear, or subellipsoid, numerous and distinct, 
normally 3-septate, associated with many oil-globules, and borne on short, linear basidia. 
A second form of pycnide occurs, externally small, round, brown, punctiform, scat- 
* Raberhorst (Exs. Fasc. ii. 1855) regards Pyrenothea leucocephala, Fr., as the spermogoniferous form of this 
lichen. 
