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282 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
Species 4. A. PUNCTIFORMIS, Ach. 
Specimen 1. Var. olivacea, Ach. Stableford, Shropshire : Leight. Exs. No. 228. Sper- 
mogones occur in a patch by themselves on a dark ground, as small, inconspicuous, 
superficial, deep-brown or black cones, varying in size. Spermatia are abundant, 
acicular, longish, on sterigmata that are simple, or digitately divided below, and so short 
as sometimes to appear absent. 
Species 5. A. LURIDA, Ach. 
Specimen 1. Woods about Berne, Switzerland : Scheer. Exs. No. 17. Spermogones are 
small, round, brown, punctiform, interspersed among the apothecia. Spermatia oval, 
atomie in size, on very short linear sterigmata. 
Specimen 2. On bark of old firs, Switzerland: Hepp Exs. No. 161. Spermogones are 
scattered among the apothecia, with which they have the same brown colour externally : 
their outline, however, is quite round, and they are very minute and punctiform. Sper- 
matia rod-shaped, atomic in size, abundant, apparently on simple sterigmata that were 
not, however, distinctly seen. Basal cellular tissue deep brown. 
Specimen 3. Var. spadicea, Leight. On hazel and hawthorn, Skelton Rough, near 
Shrewsbury: Leight. Exs. No. 97. Spermogones are sparingly scattered among the 
apothecia as subprominent, subspherical conceptacles, of the same colour, distinguishable 
externally only by their greatly inferior size. Spermatia are rod-shaped, very minute, 
on very short, simple, linear sterigmata. Basal cellular tissue pale brown. 
Species 6. A. vinosa, Leight. 
Specimen 1. On the rugged old bark of oaks, Oggeray Gill, Cleveland, Yorkshire : 
Leight. Exs. No. 224. Spermogones are minute, round, punctiform, scattered about the 
apothecia, and of the same colour therewith: they closely resemble young apothecia, for 
which they are apt to be mistaken. Spermatia abundant, oblong, atomic in size, on 
simple sterigmata, so short as to appear absent. 
Species 7. A. ILICINA, Tayl. 
Specimen 1. On holly, Glengariff, March 1858: Carroll. Two forms of spermogone 
occur, judging from the character of the contained corpuscles. Externally, however, the 
said spermogones are alike, very minute, brown, punctiform, scattered abundantly on 
portions of the thallus destitute of apothecia. In one form the spermatia are linear, 
3260 — 3000 X 35-500 Curved as in Lecanora subfusca or Lecidea parasema; on sterig- 
mata which are about equal in length to the spermatia, or with spermatia attached 
measure 15554 long, digitately divided below, the segments subfusiform or irregular in 
outline. Basal solidas tissue deep brown. In the other form the spermatia are atomic 
in size, so minute as to be indistinctly seen, on simple sterigmata. I met with these two 
forms of spermogone only in this specimen, so that the association with the apothecia of 
the Arthonia may be accidental. No other apothecia, however, occur on the piece of 
bark on which the Arthonia grows; so that it is impossible to refer them elsewhere. Nor 
is there any good ground, in this and similar cases, for refusing to regard the sper- 
