284 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
Associated, on a white thallus, are also numbers of large, round, black, irregular, flattish 
or conoid pyenides, containing pyriform, oval, ellipsoid, or irregular stylospores, zooo — 
sovo X soso. simple, 1-septate, or containing a central or eccentric nucleus. Basidia 
simple, longish, delicate, linear, wavy, resembling those of Dichena rugosa, Fr. Basal 
cellular tissue deep brown. 
There are here, therefore, both pycnides and two forms of spermogone, unassociated 
with other apothecia than those of the Stigmatidium, and presumably, therefore, refer- 
able to it. No doubt many lichenologists and fungologists would refer the pyenides to 
some fungus whose other forms of fructification are not present. But there is too close 
a resemblance between the pycnides of lichens and fungi, and too frequent and intimate 
a topographical relation between such pycnides and lichens to admit of my preferring to 
assign them to fungi, which are not present rather than to lichens that are! 
The sporidia of the Stigmatidium here are 5-septate, 1955 X 5055-3000: 
Specimen 2. On old beeches, Castlebernard Park, Bandon: Carroll, Mar. 1858; asso- 
ciated with Graphis dendritica, Ach. Spermogones abundant, as minute, brown, puncti- 
form bodies, scattered, not confluent, on separate thalline areolæ outside those occupied 
by apothecia, distinct under the lens. Cavity simple, envelope of brown cellular tissue. 
Spermatia 5560 X 35-500. Sterigmata digitately divided below, 4555 long with attached 
spermatia, 43:555 — 15.600 broad. There is also an isolated patch of thallus, containing 
spermogones only, where they are scattered uniformly over the areole. 
Specimen 3. On old bark, near Queenstown, Cork Harbour: Carroll. Spermogones 
abundant, external to the region of the apothecia, as very minute, black, immersed, 
punctiform conceptacles, scattered on the thalline areolee; never confluent nor arranged 
linearly, like the apothecia, but undistinguishable from the latter when isolated, except 
by microscopical examination. Spermatia rod-shaped, 3555 X 5599; on simple, linear 
sterigmata 305-3000 long. From among the latter project elongated sterile filaments 
of similar width to the fertile sterigmata. From the character of the thallus, this and 
other forms might fitly be denominated by nomenclators areolate. 
Associated, but on a separate thallus, are spermogones of the character of those of 
Opegrapha vulgata, and probably referable to it, though its lirelle do not here occur. 
They are larger and more scattered than those of the Stigmatidium, and are at once dis- 
tinguished under the microscope by the characteristic crescent-shaped spermatia,g 455 X 
10:909» On short, simple sterigmata. 
Specimen 4. On bark, Gloddaeth, near Conway, Caernarvonshire: Leight. Exs. No. 69, 
sub Sagedia aggregata, Fr. Spermogones are plentiful, on thalline areolæ outside those 
occupied by apothecia. Spermatia rod-shaped, short. Sterigmata short and simple, 
branching palmately below, or composed of two or three articulations, very irregular in 
outline. 
Species 2. S. venosum, Sm. 
Specimen 1. On oaks, about Vire, Pelvet: Scher. Exs. No. 587, sub Opegrapha 
crassa, var. venosa. Spermogones are, as in crassum, abundant, black, punctiform 
bodies, scattered on separate thalline areolæ, distinguished from the apothecia by the 
