286 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
they are to be known by their greatly inferior size. At first they are wholly immersed, 
but latterly the apex usually projects on the surface of the thallus as a minute, brown 
papilla. "They sometimes occupy more than the whole thickness or depth of the thallus, 
and form a papilla also on the lower surface thereof, as the apothecia do. When papillæ- 
form on the upper surface of the thallus, they are frequently pierced by a conspicuous 
ostiole, which is sometimes marked by a sort of coloured halo or ring surrounding it. 
Sometimes the ostiole or spermogonal apex is punctiform, or flat, or even depressed. 
The spermogones are either scattered among the apothecia, or about the periphery of the 
thallus outside of the region occupied by the apothecia. In miniatum the depth of their 
inner wall is about zig. The cavity is simple; its inner walls, the matrix of the sterig- 
mata, of deep-brown cellular tissue. These sterigmata are ramose, usually indistinct, 
composed of very short, irregular, thick-walled cellules: and by this character—the pos- 
session of arthrosterigmata— E»docarpon is inter alia distinguished as a genus’ from 
Verrucaria. Their length in miniatum is i355. their breadth 5555. The spermatia are 
ellipsoid or linear, almost atomic in size, 36565-15406 long in miniatum, 5555 in 
Sluviatile, 53 555 in pusillum, their average breath being 25557. 
Species 1. E. MINIATUM, L. e 
Specimen 1. Var. complicatum, Swartz. On trap rocks, Quiraing, Skye, August 1856 : 
W.L. L. A dark polyphyllous form of the lichen, with the ostioles of the apothecia very 
large, irregular, and depressed. Spermogones abundant, as small, brown, punctiform 
bodies seated on the periphery of the thallus, resembling apothecia save as to size. The 
spermatia are so minute as to be with difficulty visible, 45-555 — 15-499 long, ellipsoid, 
borne on the apices and sides of very delieate indistinet arthrosterigmata, composed of 
short, roundish cellules, agreeing in character with Tulasne's* representation of them. 
Specimen 2. Var. leptophyllum, Ach. On slate: Miss Hutchins, in herb. Carroll: 
probably from near Bantry, but no habitat specified. Spermogones are wholly immersed, 
very minute, brown and punctiform, seated mostly on thalline scales destitute of apo- 
thecia, indistinct, or with difficulty made out even by the lens under moisture. Sper- 
matia rod-shaped, 5556 X 56:000 On arthrosterigmata about 14555 long. In the aggregate 
these sterigmata form the dense inner walls of the spermogones, which are about 735 
thiek. "Thallus consists of small, simple scales. 
Species 2. E. MovriNsir, Mont. (Nyl. Prod. p. 175). 
Specimen 1. Neilgherries, India: Lobb, in the Kew herb. Spermogones abundant, 
and as in E. miniatum, of which this species appears to me but a mere form. 
Species 3. E. FLUVIATILE, DC. (Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 266). 
I see no sufficient reason for separating this lichen from var. complicatum of E. mi- 
niatum. Mature or normal apothecia are very rare—doubtless on account of its habitat. 
Korber (Syst. Lich. Germ., p. 101) says he found sporidia only once; while spermogones 
with spermatia, as in Æ. miniatum, are abundant, never absent. 
In a suite of specimens in the Kew herbarium I found the plant either with dege- 
| Mém., plate xii. fig. 5. 
