PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 287 
nerate apothecia or bearing — merely : only in one specimen did I meet with 
sporidia. | i 
Specimen 1. !On stones, Aus near Dunfanaghy, co. Donegal, July, 1851: Prof. 
Dickie. The plant has the aspect of a complicate form of Umbilicaria polyphylla. The 
upper surface of the thzllus is blackish brown, the under brownish yellow. Apothecia 
absent. Spermogones “require to be looked for with great care, being discoverable hes 
when the thalíus is. ‘moistened, as small, brown papiliæ. Spermatia rod-shaped poyo x 
sodoo On &throsferigmata about soov broad, resembling on a small scale those of 
Umbilicaria — £ 
Specimew®, Gave de Marcadou, Pyrenees: Spruce and Babington's Lich. Pyren. in 
the Kewlh;erb. The plant seems merely var. complicatum of E. miniatum, only paler 
and thinner from submersion in water. Spermogones are abundant, of the characters of 
those of E. miniatum, covered here with an efflorescence of sulphate of lime, which is 
apparently common in Endocarpon when exposed habitually to water. Apothecia here 
again absent. If present in this species, they are usually degenerate. Spermogoniferous 
speeimens, however, are not unfrequent. 
Species 4. E. PUSILLUM, Hedw. (Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 268). 
Specimen 1. On walls, Lower Glanmire road, Cork: Carroll; associated with Zecidea 
aromatica. Spermogones are minute, black, punctiform or papillæform bodies, scattered 
sparingly on the thalline scales. Spermatia linear-ellipsoid, 55456 X 55-500 ON very 
delicate, indistinet, thickish "mani e Spermogonal cavity simple; envelope of 
deep-brown cellular tissue. 
Specimen 2. Switzerland: Scher. Exs. no. 115, sub Endocarpon Hedwigii. Spermo- 
gones are small papille on the surface of the thallus, smaller than, but otherwise ex- 
ternally resembling, the apothecia. Spermatia atomic in size, among the smallest that 
occur in lichens.  Sterigmata of short, thick-walled articulations, but so small and 
closely aggregated as to be scarcely distinguishable. Tulasne (Mém. p. 215) describes 
spermogones and apothecia as occurring separately—on different plants, and both groups 
of organs as developed in very limited numbers. 
Species 5. E. RUFESCENS, Ach. (which appears to me to be referable to E. pusillum— 
scarcely distinguishable even as a variety). 
Specimen 1. On sun-exposed stones, in the Vallais: Scher. Exs. no. 465, sub Æ. Hed- 
wigii, var. Associated with it is what is apparently a Verrucaria, but in a degenerate 
state so that it cannot be identified. The thallus is pale greenish and subsquamulose, 
with punctiform or papillzeform, immersed or semiimmersed apothecia; and also black, 
punetiform, immersed spermogones, containing spermatia and oa of the character 
of those of Lecanora subfusca—the spermatia vermiform, about 1555 long, and the ste- 
rigmata sublinear, with attached spermatia about 1559 long. 
Genus II. VERRUCARIA. 
- As to site, its spermogones are generally scattered over the surface of the thallus and 
2r 2 
