We 
À 7 PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. _ 289 
pp. 215 anlycnidy spermatia as occurring in the same conceptacle with asci and sporidia, 
though hes. Tis this is the only case among lichens in which he has met with this 
F simple haye met with it myself, however, in a few cases; and I have no doubt 
that, Wie nuclei for with the requisite patience and skill, it will be found not to be un- 
comme 3-septateli has found this coincidence of spermatia in sporidiiferous perithecia in 
a who?) Pycnidof the Verrucarie*. 
sores are: 
Speciáre , 1... PIDERMIDIS, Ach. (= Arthropyrenia, Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 303). 
Sr $ s.en 1. Var. analepta, Ach. On birch and other trees, banks of Crinan Canal, 
Au - 1856: W.L. L. Two forms of Spermogone occur abundantly, externally alike— 
blac.., ind punctiform or papillæform, resembling the apothecia in all outward respects 
save size. They are scattered among the apothecia, but are more plentiful external to 
the region of the thallus occupied by them. The ostiole is very indistinct. The one 
form contains acicular spermatia, acute at the ends, 37575 long, seated on the apices of 
simple, shortish, linear sterigmata, tapering above; the other form possesses myriads 
of spherical spermatia, atomic in size, 75-5599 in diameter, given off apically by very 
delicate, linear, filamentous, simple sterigmata of equal breadth to the spermatia, Asso- 
ciated with these spermogones are the pycnides of Dichena rugosa, containing sty- 
lospores of great size, oval-oblong, with many oil-globules enclosed, borne on linear, 
short basidia—that is, having the typical characters of the pycnides of that very common 
fungus. 
Specimen 2. Var. cinereo-pruinosa, Sch. On bark, Ilsham Wood, near Torquay, 
Devonshire: Leight. Exs. No. 197. Spermogones occur by themselves on a patch of 
thallus at the right hand in my copy, separated from that oceupied by apothecia by a thin 
indistinct, black, hypothalline boundary-line. They may not, therefore, necessarily belong 
to the Verrucaria, though their relation is very intimate, and no other apothecia occur. 
They are small, black, flattened cones, or points, varying in size according to age. The 
envelope is of deep-brown, subhexagonal or rounded, compactly agg 1 cells. Spermatia 
longish, oblong, simple, colourless, very abundant and distinct, sometimes very slightly 
eurved, on very short, simple, linear sterigmata. Under iodine the spermatia contract 
centrally in an hour-glass or dumb-bell fashion, and become usually more or less granular. 
These spermogones and spermatia partake somewhat of the characters of pycnides and 
stylospores. The former are more superficial and more easily removed than spermogones 
usually are. They have further the character of some forms of Pyrenothea leucocephala. 
Specimen 3. Var. cinereo-pruinosa. On ivy and box, Switzerland: Hepp's Exs. No. 
105, sub Pyrenula punctiformis, var. On the lower specimen, on box, spermogones are 
sparingly scattered about the black hypothalline boundary-line as black, punctiform bodies, 
with brown, cellular envelope, containing long, acicular spermatia, apparently growing 
directly from the inner walls of the spermogone. There are, however, very short sterig- 
mata, apparently simple, subspherical. 
Specimen 4. Var. cinereo-pruinosa, form galactites, DC. On old bark, Killarney : 
41 $ 
* As I pointed out in my paper on “ Polymorphism in Lichens” (Quart. Journal of Microscopical Science, 
January, 1868, p. 7). 
