290 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND aco 
^N 
Carroll; associated with Lecidea disciformis. Two forms of spermogore ocetur, judging 
from the different size of the spermatia, and the character of the sterigmata. Externally, 
however, they are alike, extremely minute, black or brown, punctiform bodies, abun- 
dantly scattered among the apothecia. They are seated apparently directly onthe bark, 
so thin and inconspicuous is the thallus where it is not really absent; and they are quite 
superficial, resembling dust-grains, easily scraped off with the epidermis of the bark The 
envelope is of brown cellular tissue ; the cavity simple and spherical, its length about 
37o and depth 545. In one form, the spermatia are rod-shaped 3555 X 35:0500 0N Sterig- 
mata composed of a few irregular articulations. In the other, the spermatia are sub- 
ellipsoid, 17 555X 20500 on simple sterigmata. The sporidia here are variable, fre- 
quently 3-septate. 
Specimen 5. Var. cinereo-pruinosa, f. galactites. Malham, Yorkshire: Dr. Carrington. 
What appear to be pyenides occur as scattered, black, punctiform bodies, containing sty- 
lospores somewhat like those of the type in Lecidea abietina—subellipsoid, sometimes 
curved, 3555 long, on short, simple basidia. 
Specimen 6. Form cerasi, Schrad. On trunks of young cherry-trees, Switzerland : 
Scherer, Exs. No. 644.  Spermogones are very minute, black, punctiform, semiimmersed 
or immersed conceptacles, scattered about the apothecia, from which T are writes 
undistinguishable save by their greatly inferior size. Spermatia oblong, 55650-50460 long, 
on very short, simple sterigmata. Envelope deep brown. 
Species 2. V. TAYLORI, Carroll (= 4rthropyrenia, Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 302). 
This species appears to me referable to the common Y. epidermidis. It possesses both 
spermogones and pyenides, and perhaps several forms of either, or both. These occur 
occasionally associated with apothecia, but much more usually in patches, or groups, by 
themselves, constituting doubtless several species of the pseudo-genus Pyrenothea. Thus 
they are, partly at least, (1) P. rudis*, Leight. (Ang. p. 66, plate 28. fig. 5,— Verrucaria 
rudis, Borr. Engl. Bot. pl. 2637 (1937). f. 2); (2) P. aphanes *, Leight. (Ang. p. 67, 
pl. 38. f. 7,— Verrucaria aphanes, Borr. Engl. Bot. pl. 2642 (1938). f. 1); and perhaps 
(3) P. mollis, Leight. (Ang. p. 67). Leighton errs in describing the stylospores as spo- 
ridia; though he correctly says they are “not contained in asci.” He describes them 
as “ free, very minute, innumerable, linear, rounded at each extremity, slightly curved, 
pale-yellow " in P. rudis, and “linear-oblong ” in P. aphanes—the other characters 
being as in zudis, except that the corpuscles are straight, not curved. 
Specimen 1. On various trees, Dunscombes Wood, Cork : Carroll, a large suite of forms, 
some of them associated with Y. olivacea. 
(a) Spermogones and apothecia are intermixed, the former differing outwardly from 
the latter only in size. The spermogones are small, black, subprominent cones, scattered 
pretty thickly over the dark, dull olive-coloured as Envelope pale bluish-brown : 
cavity simple, round. Spermatia rod-shaped, 4455 X zooo: on very short, simple, linear 
sterigmata, 377 long with spermatia attached. 
* P. rudis and P. aphanes are also partly referable, as spermogones or pycnides, to Opegrapha vulgata, Lecidea 
abietina, and L. luteola (q. v.). 
