292 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
scarcely recognizable unless under moisture. Spermatia very abundant, subellipsoid or 
subspherical, atomic in size, exhibiting vivid Brownian movement. Sterigmata indistinct 
and very small, but apparently articulated. 
Specimen 2. On ash, Douglass, near Cork: Carroll. Pycnides are abundantly inter- 
mixed with the apothecia, outwardly ue — blaek and punctiform, 
containing brown stylospores in myriads, 4050 X 15500, Very variable in form, usually 
oblong, but sometimes pyriform or oval, occasionally hour-glass or figure-8-shaped. 
Basidia apparently simple. 
Species 5. V. macuLaris, Wallr. (= 4rthopyrenia, Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 300). 
This is a comprehensive species, which includes in particular the major part of the 
Verrucariæ described by authors under Y. chlorotica (e. g. V. chlorotica, Ach., pr. p.; 
Scheer. pr. p.; Nyl. pr. p.). The sporidia of the three groups or species to which Mudd 
assigns the Y. chlorotica of authors are (1) simple and oblong in Y. chlorotica (p. 285); 
(2) fusiform and 3-septate in Y. macularis (p. 300); (3) clavate-fusiform, 3-7-septate 
in Y. olivacea (p. 302). V. macularis appears to me so intimately related to certain 
other species of Mudd's Arthropyrenia (e. g. olivacea and umbrosa) that they pass into 
each other. Probably all three should be merged in a single type. At all events these 
three, as well as the old species Y. chlorotica, require revision and re-definition. 
Speeimen 1. Var. trachona, Tayl. (Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 301). On mortar, Glanmire, 
Cork: Carroll; associated with V. hymenogonia. Spermogones are intermixed with the 
rv and outwardly resemble them save as to size. Spermatia rod-shaped, 45:55 
X 30000 apparently on short, simple, sterigmata. 
Specimen 2. On coarse red sandstone, Derriquin, co. Kerry: Taylor, in Dr. Mackay’ s 
herbarium. "Thallus consists of small scales or areolze, grey when dry, green when moist. 
Apothecia rough or scabrous on the surface, sometimes deformed and pseudo-Lecideine, 
somewhat resembling Leighton's Pyrenothea lithina. Spermogones are scattered among 
the apothecia as very minute, black, punctiform conceptacles, with simple cavity, and 
walls of dark brown cellular tissue. Spermatia rod-shaped, 3545 X 35:50: on short, 
simple sterigmata. 
Specimen 3. Var. fusiformis, Leight. (Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 301). Switzerland: Scheer, 
Exs. No. 525, sub Y. carpinea, Pers. Spermogones are very minute, black, and puncti- 
form, seattered abundantly about the apothecia, and undistinguishable from them by the 
naked eye. Spermatia rod-shaped, 35555 long, on very short, simple, linear sterigmata, 
branching from the base. 
Specimen 4. Var. fusiformis. Switzerland: Scheer. Exs. No. 109, sub Y. biformis; 
referred here by Nylander (Prod. p. 186). Spermogones are scattered among the apo- 
thecia, and are undistinguishable from young ones. Spermatia linear-ellipsoid, on indi- 
stinct, short, simple, linear sterigmata. Basal cellular tissue deep brown. 
Species 6. V. uMBROSA, Tayl.(— Arthopyrenia, Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 300). 
Specimen 1. On slate, Carig, co. Kerry: named by Taylor himself in Dr. Mackay's herb. 
