PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 295 
small, black, and €— containing oblong spermatia yooo X 7o00, on simple, 
linear sterigmata, about 1455; long. | 
Specimen 5. On trees, Glen Nevis, Aug. 1856: W. L. L. Associated with a form 'of 
Opegrapha atra. Spermogones are very minute, black dots, scattered profusely external 
to the apothecia, or on parts of the white thin thallus barren of apothecia. Spermatia 
spherical, under ¡5555 in diameter, borne on very slender, linear, simple, filamentous 
sterigmata. 
Specimen 6. On trees, Caerlaverock Road, Dumfries, Aug. 1856: W. L. L. Associated 
with Lecidea flexuosa. Apothecia degenerate, containing no sporidia. Spermogones are 
intermixed as minute, black, punctiform bodies, apparently scattered directly on dead or 
decaying wood. Spermatia in myriads, spherical, about 15555 in diameter, given off by 
very delicate, linear, filamentous sterigmata. Projecting into the spermogonal cavity 
from among and beyond these fertile sterigmata are delicate, branching, wavy, long fila- 
ments, with slightly bulging ends. 
Specimen 7. On trees: Don in herb. Macnab; probably from Forfarshire, though no 
habitat is given. The asci are either very pale blue, or uncoloured, by iodine ; ribbon- 
shaped (sublinear), 8- or 4-spored. "The sporidia are arranged in a single series; when 
there are only 4 sporidia they are connected by ribbon-like intervening masses of proto- 
plasm. Pycnides are interassociated with the apothecia, containing stylospores, which 
closely resemble in characters the sporidia. "These stylospores are broadly ellipsoid, 
1-septate, pale yellow, on long, filiform, wavy basidia, resembling m Many of 
these basidia appear to be sterile. 
Specimen 8. On trees, Kyles of Bute, 1852: W. L. L.  Spermogones are scattered 
among the apothecia as small, black, subprominent, punctiform conceptacles. 
Specimen 9. Torquay, Devonshire: Leight. Exs. No. 245. Associated with Opegrapha 
atra. Apothecia old, and containing no sporidia. Spermogones are abundantly inter- 
mixed with the apothecia as largish, flattened, deep-brown or blackish-brown cones, 
containing very small (atomic) oval or oblong spermatia, on longish, filiform, simple 
sterigmata. 
Specimen 10. On old bark, Haughmond Hill Shropshire: Leight. Exs. No. 136. 
Spermogones are scattered, minute, black, and punctiform, containing myriads of very 
minute, oblong or rod-shaped spermatia, on sterigmata that are linear, simple, and 
branching below, as in Ramalina. Sterile, ramose, elongated filaments project into the 
spermogonal cavity and fill it up. Some of the spermogones are old and degenerate, 
containing no spermatia; they are sparingly distributed among old apothecia on the very 
white thallus. 
Species 9. V. Brrormis, Borr. (= Thelidium, Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 297). 
If this is not referable to the preceding as a variety, it is at least closely allied 
by the nature of its sporidia and other characters. The only essential difference lies 
in the perithecia of the one species being (described as) dimidiate, and of the other 
entire. 
Specimen 1. On trees, Glen Nevis, Aug. 1856: W. L. L. Spermogones are very minute, 
252 
