PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 297 
inner walls of deep-brown hexagonal cellular tissue. Spermatia not seen free, small, rod- 
shaped, on short, simple sterigmata, bifurcating or branching below. 
“Specimen 2. On beech, Switzerland: Scher. Exs. No. 110. Spermogones are small, 
black dots intermixed with the apothecia. They contain no free spermatia, which, how- 
ever, are apparently finely linear or filiform, straight or nearly so while attached, be- 
coming curved or vermiform when free. Sterigmata are very delicate and indistinct, linear, 
and simple; sometimes hypertrophied and elongated. Basal cellular tissue pale brown. 
Specimen 3. On holly, Derrycunihy, Killarney : Carroll. Pycnides occur here contain- 
ing stylospores usually of the character of those of Pyrenothea leucocephala ; linear-ellip- 
soid, pale yellow, 3555 X svoo on simple filiform basidia, which, with attached stylospores, 
measure 5355 long. 
Species 11. V. UMBRINA, Wahl. (=Spheromphale, Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 281). 
Specimen 1. Apparently on slate, in the rocky bed of the river Dee, at Llangollen, 
Denbighshire: Leight. Exs. No. 98, sub Endocarpon lithinum. Spermogones are scat- 
tered among the apothecia as small, black or brown, elevated tubercles, containing 
minute, rod-shaped spermatia, seated on indistinct arthrosterigmata, composed apparently 
of short, thick articulations, as in Collema or Umbilicaria*. 
Species 12. V. RUPESTRIS, Schrad. 
Specimen 1. On sandstone, Whitecliffe rocks, near Ludlow, Shropshire: Leight. Exs. 
No. 140. ‘The subtartareous thallus is here and there dotted over with small, black perj- 
thecia, scattered sometimes among the apothecia of the Verrucaria, and very like them 
on the one hand and spermogones on the other, resembling the latter as to site and size, 
being very much smaller than the apothecia of the Verrucaria. They belong to the 
parasitic Y. gemmifera, which more commonly affects the thallus of Lecidea contigua and 
other Lecideæt. 
Specimen 2. On limestone, Great Ormes Head, Caernarvonshire: Leight. Exs. No. 242, 
Associated with Opegrapha saxatilis, DC. No sporidia were found in the perithecia of 
the Verrucaria. Spermogones externally resemble the said perithecia, except that they 
are greatly smaller. The spermatia are atomic, oblong or oval, on very short, simple 
sterigmata. 
Tulasne (Mém. pl. 13. f. 3) figures the spermatia and sterigmata of Y. muralis, Ach. 
(which, according to Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 292, is but a variety of Y. rupestris), as of the 
character of those of Lecanora subfusca; and Berkeley, who is indefatigable in pointing 
out the resemblances between Fungi and Lichens, describes the curved or twisted sper- 
matia figured by Tulasne, as like the spores of a Septoria ! 
Species 18. V. EYMENOGONIA, Nyl. (=Spheromphale, Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 282; Y. muralis, 
Borr., Engl. Bot. pl. 2647 (1945). f. 2). 
Specimen 1. On mortar, Glanmire Road, Cork: Carroll. Spermogones externally re- 
° * As they are figured in my first Mem. Spermog., plates ix and xv. 
T Vide my paper on “ Parasitic Micro-lichens,” p. 25. 
