300 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
directly on the bark on which the apothecia also grow. Occasionally they are perched 
on wartlets or granulations of the thallus, then assuming a pseudo-papillæform cha- 
racter. They are sometimes comparatively easily distinguishable when their colour is 
black, and that of the thallus whitish or yellowish. "They sometimes resemble grains of 
the finest dust scattered over the thallus, as on the white-pulverulent thallus of furfu- 
raceum, in which case the spermogones themselves are green-pulverulent*. The spermatia 
are usually very minute, linear, oblong, or ellipsoid, almost atomie in size, their usual 
breadth being about 35555 — 50500, their length varying from 5755- roo (in roscidum, 
quercinum, and disseminatum) to 353559 (in hyperellum). The sterigmata are generally 
simple, linear, equal in width to the spermatia, and short, their length (with attached 
spermatia) in disseminatum, however, being 5565. Exceptionally, as in viridulum, they 
consist of a few articulations. Also, exceptionally, as in stigonellum, ramose sterile fila- 
ments project into and occupy the cavity of the spermogone. Sometimes, as in the Py- 
renocarpei and Graphidei, two or three forms of spermogone occur. 
Species 1. C. Roscipum, Flk. (Nyl. Syn. p. 153). 
Specimen 1. In the Kew herbarium ; no locality given; probably from some part of 
Central Europe (e. y. Switzerland). Spermogones are abundant as minute, round, punc- 
tiform bodies, scattered outside the region of the apothecia. The spermatia are very 
abundant, subellipsoid, 4455 X 55260 on short, simple sterigmata. 
Specimen 2. Var. roscidulum, Nyl. (Syn. p. 154). Wachselldorn, Switzerland: Scher. 
Exs. No. 245, sub C. adspersum, var. aureum. Spermogones are small, black, punctiform, 
scattered over the pale grey, verrucosethallus. Cavity simple, spherical; envelope of dark 
brown cellular tissue. Spermatia distinct, linear, straight, or (mostly) curved, the latter 
condition being quite exceptional in the genus. Sterigmata very short, simple, linear. 
Species 2. C. DISSEMINATUM, Fr. (Nyl. Syn. p. 146). 
Specimen 1. On Pinus picea, Mount Gurnigel, Switzerland: Scher. Exs. No. 504, sub 
_ var. subpedicillatum. On the right-hand specimen in my copy (original edition, 1847) 
spermogones are scattered, chiefly on the white, smoothish thallus, as very minute, black, 
punctiform bodies, containing sublinear or subellipsoid spermatia, 15550 X rogoo, On 
simple sterigmata about 5755 long with attached spermatia. 
Specimen 2. Nylander's Exs. No. 8. The plant consists, in the specimen examined by 
me, wholly of spermogones, no apothecia being associated. These spermogones are abun- 
dant as minute, black, superficial, irregular wartlets or papillæ, with simple spherical 
cavity, and dark-brown-coloured cellular envelope. Spermatia are 4755 X 
simple sterigmata. 
Specimen 3. Var. viridulum, Fr. (Nyl. Syn. p. 146). On Pinus abies, Mount Gur- 
nigel, Switzerland: Scher. Exs. No. 295, sub Calicium viridulum. Spermogones are 
1 
20,0002 ON 
* Rabenhorst (Exs. fasc. ii. 1855) regards Pyrenothea stictica, Fr., as the spermogones of C. nigrum, Sch., which 
is partly — C. subtile, Pers. (Mudd, Br. Lich. p. 258; Nyl. Prod. p. 30). 
