PYCNIDES OF CRUSTACEOUS LICHENS. 301 
plentiful on the right-hand specimen in my copy (ed. alt. immut. 1840), as small, black, 
irregular, flattened cones, sometimes closely resembling young apothecia, seated on the 
brownish-yellow thalline warts. No apothecia are present. Spermatia are abundant, 
rod-shaped, 15555 X 70000, 0n. short, broadish, indistinct sterigmata, usually simple, but 
sometimes consisting of a few articulations. Kôrber (Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 304) classes 
this lichen under Acolium, which, according to him, has long curved spermatia (* lange, 
bogen- oder sichelfórmig gekrümmte Spermatien ”). 
Species 3. C. TRACHELINUM, Ach. 
Specimen 1. Near Bury: Rev. G. R. Leathes, in the Kew herbarium. Spermogones 
very abundant, scattered chiefly outside the region of the apothecia, as very minute 
black dots. Spermatia are subellipsoid, almost atomie in size, apparently on short, 
simple sterigmata. 
Specimen 2. On the bark of old oaks, Switzerland: Hepp Exs. No. 160. Two forms 
of spermogone occur, externally alike, and intermixed, being brown, punctiform con- 
ceptacles, scattered over the whitish thallus, external to the apothecia. In one form the 
spermatia are shortish, cylindrical, and curved; in the other oval and atomic, in both 
cases the sterigmata being short and simple. 
Species 4. C. QUERCINUM, Pers. 
Specimen 1. On rotten fabrieated wood (palings), Blaeberry Hill, Perth, April 1858: 
W.L.L. Spermogones are abundant, scattered among the apothecia as small, black, 
prominent papillæ, irregular in outline or form, containing subellipsoid spermatia, 55455 
X 35-000 On short, simple sterigmata. Cavity simple, envelope of deep-brown cellular 
tissue. 
Specimen 2. Var. lenticulare, Ach. (Nyl. Syn. p. 156). On oaks, Switzerland: Scher. 
Exs. No. 505, sub C. lenticulare, var. quercinum. Spermogones are very minute, black 
dots, seated on pale-grey thalline warts, among the apothecia. Spermatia suboblong, 
zooo tO ro:ooo long, on very short, simple, indistinct sterigmata. 
Specimen 3. Var. lenticulare (Nyl. Syn. p. 156). Woods about Berne, Switzerland: 
Scher. Exs. No. 8, sub C. spherocephalum, var. majus. Spermogones are small, black, 
and punctiform, seated on small, white, elevated thalline warts. Spermatia very abun- 
dant, suboblong, almost atomic in size. Sterigmata longish, irregular, articulated, closely 
aggregated. The arthrosterigmata are here exceptional in the genus, which, according 
to Nylander (Syn. p. 145), has simple sterigmata. 
Species 5. C. HYPERELLUM, Ach. 
Specimen 1. In the Hookerian herbarium, Kew: no habitat given. Spermogones are 
very abundant on some specimens, as very minute black dots, immersed, scattered gene- 
rally on separate patches of thallus between those bearing apothecia. Spermatia subellip- 
soid, rz log X zooo» On very short, simple sterigmata. 
Specimen 2. On palings, Blaeberry Hill, near Perth, April 1858: W. L.L. A few 
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