120 H. CHARLTON BASTIAN ON THE STRUCTURE AND 
more active process; and this would account for the great majority of the young being 
so nearly of the same size. 
In five of the specimens of Guineaworm examined the young were more or less coiled, 
usually two or three times, with the tail either projecting as a tangent or curved also; 
but in the remaining specimen nearly all the young were straight * (Pl. XXII. fig. 56). 
The full-sized young are unequally spindle-shaped, tapering slightly towards the 
anterior extremity, which is rounded, presenting no trace of papille, but a small central 
depression leading to the mouth, whilst at the commencement of the posterior two-fifths 
of its length the body begins to taper, and for the last fifth of its extent is narrow and 
linear, measuring only about ;35355th of an inch in diameter}. Its body is marked with 
circular rugze, at intervals of -o}ooth of an inch, which are not visible, however, on the 
narrow tail. The young worm being translucent, an intestinal canal can be mosí dis- 
tinetly recognized in some specimens, running in part through the central cavity of the 
body, which also contains a number of bright, highly refracting particles. At the 
junetion of the anterior three-fifths with the posterior two-fifths of the length of the 
worm, where the body begins to diminish in size, two different appearances are pre- 
sented by different individuals, which will be presently described and explained. No 
trace of distinet muscular tissue can be recognized. 
The intestinal tube is about yth of an inch in length, and appears to consist of a 
simple} canal of varying calibre, pursuing a nearly straight course, and terminating 
cæcally at about the middle in length of the worm (Pl. XXII. figs. 57, 58). It does not 
fill the cavity of the body, but leaves a distinct space on either side of it, and, from the 
observations of Robin and Moquin-Tandon$ on the living young, appears moveable and 
unattached to the parietes. The cesophagus, just behind the mouth, is 4545 oth of an 
inch in diameter, and gradually widens to 44555th of an inch, of which size it continues 
for nearly the whole of the latter half of its course—till, in fact, it becomes narrowed 
again to ;j55th of an inch at its junction with the stomach. The cesophagus forms 
nearly one-half of the whole intestinal canal. The commencement of the stomach is the 
widest part of the tube, measuring 3glpgth of an inch in diameter. It is about z}oth of 
an inch in length, and either forms one dilated cavity or is divided by slight constrictions 
into two or three smaller ones. Its junction with the intestine, from the gradual nar- 
Mr. Carter, who says their usual length is krd of an inch long by لعجل‎ of an inch broad; but as this would make their 
breadth rather more than twice as much as those ordinarily met with, I think it probable there may have been some 
mistake about these measurements. 
* Duncan (in Trans. of Med. & Phys. Soc. of Caleutta, vol. vii. 1855) says, from observations made on the young 
of the Guineaworm, that the straight or coiled condition depends upon the manner of death. They are straight 
when this has been slow and gradual, and more or less coiled when they have died more suddenly. 
xf Duncan (loc. cit.) speaks of a form of young which seems rather incredible: he says, “ Out of, I think, two 
Nharoos (the Bombay name for Guineaworm) the young ones had double tails, which they separated and reunited with 
great rapidity ; in the latter state it appeared exactly as one: these were rather thicker in the body than the others." 
: i 1 have not been able to detect in the young worm, as Mr. Carter has described it, the intestinal tube proper and 
its peritoneal sheath, but possibly this may be due to my not having examined living or recent specimens, —though I 
also differ from him as to the termination of the canal, which certainly cannot depend upon the cause just stated. 
$ Zoologie Médicale, Paris, 1859, p. 135, 
