IN TWO SPECIES OF PASSIFLORA. 145 
Napoleon at St. Helena was, as its original stock, a female plant: many cuttings have 
been brought to England which have produced plants more or less male. A similar 
instance has also occurred in Germany. In the garden of the Grand-Ducal Palace at 
Sehwetzingen is a weeping willow, which, although from the very same origin as all the 
rest, has in a great degree changed its sex, so that it not only shows the most manifold 
transitional grades of female into male flowers, but also bears on many twigs purely 
male catkins. i 
Gàrtner* refers to many instances in which he has observed polleniferous organs 
developed in female dicecious plants—in Cannabis sativa, Spinacia oleracea, Mercurialis 
annua, Cucumis sativa, and other plants; but his account is given with incomplete 
anatomical details. 
And, lastly, Henry and Macquart have described and figured a series of structures in 
Salix cinerea, in which the ovary was opened first by a slit and then expanded into a 
cup; next, anther-cells were developed on the margin of the cup with stigmas alternating 
with them, the ovules at the same time vanishing from the interior; lastly, the margin 
divided and bore three perfect anthers, and in fully metamorphosed examples these three 
anthers rose to the edge of the cup on free filaments f. 
These are all the recorded examples I have met with in which pollen and pollen- 
bearing organs have been developed upon the female parts of flowering plants; and it 
should be noted that in none of these has the pollen been found in the ocules. 
The monstrosities in the flowers of Passiflora, which I now proceed to describe, were 
entirely confined to the pistil; and they affected all its parts—stigmata, styles, ovaries, 
and ovules. 
The stigmata and styles were generally either deficient in number or stunted in size, 
and crooked and distorted in shape; rarely they were more numerous than normal, 
being four or five in number. I did not observe in them any peculiarity of structure. 
The malformed ovaries were all about a normal size, but they were more or less split 
open, generally at their distal end, so as to open the cavity (Pl. XXIV. figs. 1 & 2). 
This opening in almost all cases commenced at the distal extremity of the ovary, and in 
very many instances consisted only in an orifice between the attachment of the styles, 
from which orifice projected various foliar and antheroid organs. In other instances 
there was a lateral split passing backwards from the apex of the ovary to one-third, 
one-half, or sometimes two-thirds of its length, but never quite reaching its basal 
attachment: this split has usually been single; sometimes, however, it has been double, 
and occasionally triple, thus separating all three of the component carpels of the ovary 
along a certain portion of their ventral sutures. The free edges of the carpellary leaves, 
thus separate, have usually been of a yellow colour, thickened and variously modified 
into lobes and oval processes, sometimes everted, sometimes inverted, and occasionally 
* Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Befruchtung der vollkommeneren Gewüchse von Carl Friedrich Gartner. Stuttgart, 
4. 
T Referred to by Henfrey in ‘ Botanical Gazette,’ vol. iii. p. 12, the literary reference in a foot-note being, “ Erst. 
Jahresb. des bot. Vereines, am M. & N. Rhein. 1837." 
