192 Prof. Owen on the Class Mammalia. 
of which is turned inwards in the upper and outwards in the 
under jaw. 
pany fossil Artiodactyles, with similar molars, appear to have 
differed from the Ruminants chiefly by retaining structures which 
are transitory and embryonic in most existing Ruminants, as, 
€.g., upper incisors and canines,* first premolars, and separate 
metacarpal and metatarsal bones; these are among the lost links 
that once connected more intimately the Ruminants with the 
Hog and Hippopotamus. 
The Pachyderms in the Cuvierian system included all the non- 
ruminant hoofed beasts; they were divided by the great French 
anatomist into the Proboscidia, Solidungula, and Pachydermata 
ordinaria, the latter again being subdivided according to the odd 
or even number of the hoofs. I have on another occasion t ad- 
duced evidence to show that the right progression of the affini- 
ties of the Ungulata was broken by the interposition of the 
Horse and other Perissodactyles between the non-ruminant or 
omnivorous and ruminant Artiodactyles; and that too higha 
value had been assigned to the Ruminantia by making them 
equivalent to all the other Ungulates collectively. 
The third division of the Gyrencephala enjoy a higher degree 
of the sense of touch through the greater number and mobility 
of the digits, and the smaller extent to which they are covered 
te e . . s ed in 
In a new-born Dromedary (Camelus Dromedarius, L.), which Fie dentin, 
In the upper jaw there were six deciduous 
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n noticed in ordinary Ruminants, and they leave conspicuous alveoli in the pre 
maxillaries: the deciduous canine and first functional milk molar (d. 2) were small, 
the latter with a simple crown; the second (d. 3) and third (d. 4) molars were large, 
, and each i ; ix inci and two 
bilobed 1 icrescen t wer 
; icircular series of nearly equal teeth, with overlapping | -shaped 
crowns, the deciduous cani ore resembling the inciso anent ones 
do: the functional molars are but two in num r, 01 side; the swall, 
nm eac 
sim conical, tched behind; the second is very large and a 
lobed, each lobe being bicrescentic, and the last the largest. Only the summits © 
ts of the molar teeth had pierced the gum (Catal. of Osteology, Mus. 
ge Coll. of ons, vol. ii, p. 577, 4to, 1853). 
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, December, 1847. ie 
mmunication of m on the classification and affiniti 
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