194 Prof. Owen on the Class Mammalia. 
and hind limbs so modified, or at least the hind limbs, form the 
order QuADRUMANA. They have => incisors,* and 5-5 broad 
tuberculate molars ;+ perfect clavicles, pectoral mamma, vesicu- 
lar and prostatic glands, a simple or slightly bifid uterus, anda 
discoid, sometimes double, placenta.t ‘The Quadrumana have a 
well-marked threefold geographical as well as structural division. 
The Strepsirhines are those with curved or twisted termi 
nostrils, with much modified incisers, commonly an ; premolars 
— or — in number, and molars with sharp tubercles; the sec- 
ond digit of the hind limb hasa claw. This group includes the 
os, Pottos, Aye-Ayes, Loris, Indris, and the true Lemurs; 
the three latter being restricted to Madagascar, whence the group 
diverges in one direction to the continent of Africa, in the other 
to the Indian Archipelago. The Platyrhines are those with the 
nostrils subterminal and wide apart; premolars = in number, 
e molars with blunt tubercles; the thumbs of the fore-hands 
not opposable or wanting; the tail in most prehensile; they are 
peculiar to South America. The Catarhines have the nostrils 
oblique and approximated. below, and opening above and behind 
the muzzle: the premolars are = in number; the thumb of the 
fore-hand is opposable. They are restricted to the Old World, 
and, Phy a single species on the rock of Gibraltar, to Africa 
. 
founded on cerebral characters. In this primary group ied 
forms but one genus, Homo, and that genus but one order, cal 
BIMANA, on account of the opposable thumb being restric 
the upper pair of limbs. The testes are scrotal; their geroug 
sac does not communicate with the abdomen; they are ee 
with vesicular and prostatic glands) The penis is pendwiow 
* With few exceptions in the anomalous Lemuride. 
+ Reduced to >— in the Marmosets (Hapale, Mydas). 
} gi 
_$ Among the Platyrhines, the placenta is single in Mycetes, double in Callithrs: 
ng the Catarhines, the — is double in acacus, Cercopithecus, and Sen 
single in 7; roglo ytes. 
; 
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