I. I. Hayes on the Passage to the North Pole. 391 
B ‘and the 78th parallel of latitude and the 130th meridian of east- 
ern longitude, are deflected the isothermal curves of the northern 
erating, as already shown, to Keep the temperature of the 
entire circuit of the Arctic Ocean it has been observed, that 
Water-fowl fly to the northward in the spring. The fact has 
en noted at Koola, at Nishne Kolyrusk, at the mouth of the 
kenzie in Baffin’s Bay; and upon the open waters bordering 
the extreme Polar limit of known land, they were seen by Mor- 
fon in flocks of hundreds and thousands.’ At Rensselaer har- 
the three great families, Brachyptere, Longipennes and Lamelli- 
_ Tsires by the Auk and Loon, the Tern and Kittiwake, the Brent 
: and Eider duck, draw their subsistence entirely from the 
Water, feeding for the most part upon different species of Crus- 
which are not richly multiplied either in species or indiyid- 
uals in waters of extremely low temperature. 
er upon the same general subject 
September, 1857 
he chief difficulty in the way of navigating this northern 
; 
