520 



MEMOIR OF DANIEL TREADWELL 



smaller part of the mandrel m and loosened so that the mandrel can be drawn out of them. The mould 

 ww is then moved backward by the rack and pinion before described, and the ring or rings thrown 

 from the mould. Fig. 2 shows the press in the act of uniting two rings as herein described. These 

 double rings are again united end to end by a similar process, and so on till the cannon is formed. Solid 

 cylinders may also be formed by first forming the rings and filling the hole with a solid iron bar, and 

 heating both the rings and the bar to a welding heat ; they can then be placed in the mould and welded 

 together by the press. 



Machinery for making and winding bars of iron for rings. — To form the rings for making a thirty- 

 two-pounder. Take a bar of iron or steel, or a bar of iron and steel, about five and a half inches wide, 

 twenty -three inches long, and one inch thick, and hammer each end into a wedge-like form for a length of 

 about two inches ; make one of these ends about six inches wide, and bend it through a length of about 

 three inches into an arc of a circle of about three inches radius. The machinery for performing the 

 further operations are represented in Figs. 5 and 6. Fig. 5 represents a longitudinal section, or eleva- 

 tion, of the machinery ; Fig. 6, a plan of the same in section. 



a a a is the frame, made of wood, b, a wrought iron shaft or spindle, turning in the boxes c, c. d d, 

 a cog-wheel by which the spindle is turned, ee, a pinion upon the axle f, which gives motion to the 

 wheel dd. gg, a cog-wheel upon the same axle f. h, a pinion upon the axle n. jj, a pulley also 

 upon the same axle n. kk, an iron table resting upon the support l, and the roller m. n, a square 

 bar of iron fixed to the under side of the table k (Fig. 5), and running in grooves in the support l and 

 the roller m, when the table is moved in the direction of its length to prevent the lateral motion of the 

 table, ooo, a large crotched bar or lever of iron, capable of turning upon the bolt p, which passes 

 through the two open or crotched parts of the bar o o, and through projections which rise from the body 

 of the support q, which is a large piece of cast iron bolted firmty to the frame a a. The bar o o is con- 

 nected at its other end, by the chain rr, with the barrel s, which barrel is fixed upon the axle tt and 

 can be turned round by the arm u u. When the barrel s is turned and the chain wound up upon it (as 

 shown in Fig. 5) the end of the bar or lever o o connected with it is raised, the other end of the same 

 being kept in place by the bolt p. The roller m, which rests upon a bolt passing through its axis and 

 through the two forks or arms of the lever o o, is likewise raised, and carries with it the table k, one end 

 of which rests upon and is borne by it. v, v, are rings surrounding the spindle b (Fig. 6), the ring near- 

 est the frame is fixed and immovable upon the spindle, while that nearest the end can be moved upon 

 the same spindle in the direction of the length of the spindle ; these rings are called griping rings, w w, 

 a large ring, likewise upon the spindle b near its end. xx, a key or wedge which passes through a 

 hole in the spindle b and the ring w ; as this key or wedge is driven farther into, or through, the hole 

 in the spindle, the outermost griping ring is carried nearer to the inner griping ring, y v is a bar of iron 

 five and a half inches wide, resting upon the table rk. z z is the driving belt. 



To use this winding machinery, the bar of iron, being heated, is placed upon the *bar t, resting on the 

 table k ; the curved end is placed directly under the spindle b. The arms u u are turned till, by raising 

 the lever o, the table k, and the bar y, the end of the heated bar is pressed firmly against the spindle b, 

 as shown in Fig. 5. The key x is driven through the ring w and the spindle b ; by this the bar is 

 griped, and, the driving pulley j being put in motion, the bar and the table are moved along and the bar 

 wound into a ring around that part of the spindle b that lies between the griping rings. The table and 

 the lever o are then allowed to fall, the key x is driven out, and the outer griping ring taken off, and the 

 bar, now formed into a circle, removed. 



The bar thus formed is next to be welded at its ends. The machinery and tools for this purpose are 

 represented in Figs. 7 and 8. Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal section shown in elevation. Fig. 8 is a 

 plan of the same shown in section. This machinery is used in connection.with the press, b b represents 

 a part of the bed of the press, l and n represent parts of the spindles l and H as seen in Figs. 1 and 2. 

 a a is an iron table standing upon the projecting rails of the bed-plate, c c is a thick plate of cast iron 

 having a hole through it near its centre, through which passes the lower end of the pin d, which is sup- 

 ported on the top of the table a. e, e, are two sets, being square blocks of cast iron with plane faces ; a 



