*i< 



.-o 



On the Cyclones of the Nor^th Pacific Ocean, 31 



year 1821, is essentially cosmical or world-wide in its origin and 

 application. This soon became apparent, in examining the ac- 

 counts of gales which are found in the voyages of Cook, Van- 

 couver, and others, in the several oceans and climatory zones of 

 our globe. Hence, the polar relations of tlie phenomena present- 

 ed, ai'e necessarily changed in the southern hemisphere; wlaere 

 in all our comparisons, south must be substituted for north; 

 east and west remaining the same. 



This similarity of polar relations in the Avinds of the two hemi- 

 spheres, and the corresponding influences on the barometer 

 which are shown by the opposite cyclonic changes of these winds, 

 are virtually recognized in Capt. F. P. King's account of his sur- 

 veying expeditition in the southern hemisphere, about the year 

 1826, as is seen in his sailing directions. The more complete 

 and satisfactory evidence of this cosmical system, or law, of cy- 

 clonic action, which is derived from a series of extensive geo- 

 graphical observations, made in the paths of storms in the south- 

 ern hemisphere, has since been furnished in the several works of 

 Reid, Thorn, and Piddington. — The latter author has also inves- 

 tigated many storms of the Sea of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean, 

 and has noticed various gales or typhoons of the China Sea. 



A Typhoon in February in the Trade Winds of the North Pa- 

 cific. — At noon of February 8d, 1853, the Annie Buckman, 

 sailing for Canton, was in lat. 12^ 80' K, Ion. 120^ 16' E., with 

 barometer at 29*75 and a double reefed topsail breeze from 

 northeast. Between this time and the 9th the vessel was sub- 

 ject to a very violent typhoon ; during which both the direc- 

 tion of the wind and the course of the vessel went round the 

 eompass, by the north, west, and south, to the N. E. quarter on 

 the 9th. 'At noon of this day the vessel was in lat. 18° 09' N., 

 Ion. 127'' 25' E.; bar. 29*80, and of the few entries given, the 

 lowest was 29-25, at 4 p. m. of Feb. 7th; wind then from the 

 westward, and increasing soon after to its greatest violence. 

 Capt. Barber states that in twenty years of na^^gation, in all 

 oceans, he had not encountered a hurricane so violent. A full 

 account of the gale was furnished by him to the officers of the 

 Japan Expedition. Its path is indicated on the chart. 



Cyclones at the JBonin Islands. — On tlie 25th of October, 1853, 

 the U. S. ship Plymouth encountered a typhoon at Port Lloyd • 

 in lat. 27° 05' K., Ion. 143^ 11' E.; in which one officer and 

 a boats crew, then absent from the ship, were lost. Accord- 

 ing to the \naster's report to Commodore Perry, it commenced 

 with squalls of wind from E. S. E., under which the barometer 

 began to fall. "At 9 P. M. it fell calm; and continued so for 

 little less than an hour, when the wind came out again suddenly 

 from N, W., with terrific violence, blowing if anything still 



harder than from E.S.K; barometer when lowest 28*97 ; at 



