f 



v 



/ 



Subsidence along the Sea-coast of New Jersey, 34 1 



Ehone, are comparedj vast difference is found, the latter being 

 very ''hot-short," owing to the pyrites in the coaL 



Recapitulation, — From the researches, experiments and analy- 

 ses in this memoir, it -will be seen : 



1st. That traces of sulphur are sufficient to give a bad quality 

 to iron and render it "hot -short.'' 



2d» That the passage of sulphur into the iron takes place gen- 

 erally in the fusion of the ore in contact with mineral coal in a 

 high furnace, and consequently it is in this operation that it must 

 be counteracted. 



3d. That phosphorus in the '' bed of fusion" removes a portion 

 of the sulphur in the cast irons by replacing a portion of carbon, 

 and facilitating accordingly the formation of sulphid of carbon. 



4th. That the quantity of phosphorus is not diminished when 

 cast iron and irons are melted in presence of pyrites. 



5th. That phosphorus in irons facilitates their being worked 

 hot, rendering them harder and more difficult to cut. 



6th. That it is necessary to study well the elements in the bed 

 of fusion, so as not to introduce into the irons too great a quan- 

 tity of phosphorus so as to render them too brittle when cold by 

 its excess. 



Art, XXV. — On a Subsidence of the Land on the Sea-coast of 

 New Jersey and Long Island; by Professor Geo. H. Cook, of. 

 Rutgers College, New Jersey. 



(Read before the American Association at Montreal, Aug. 13tli, 185T.) 



Ix the course of some geological examinations along the coast 

 of Southern New Jersey, my attention was frequently called to 

 various facts indicating a chano^e in the relative level of the land 



O " -"""& 



and water, at some recent period. An attentive examination of 

 these facts has led me to the conclusion, that a gradual subsi- 

 dence of the land is now in progress throughout _ the whole 

 length of New Jersey and of Lon^ Island ; and from information 

 derived from others I am induced to think that this subsidence 

 oiay extend along a considerable portion of the Atlantic coast 



of the United States. 



, The occurrence of timber in the marshes and water below 

 tide-level is common along our whole Atlantic shore. Almost 

 every person at all familiar with shore life has observed the re- 

 mains of logs, stumps and roots in such places. _ Generally, 

 liowever, they have been looked upon as the remains of trees, 

 torn from their original places of growth by torrents or by the 

 wearing away of the shores, and deposited where they are found 

 by the ordinary action of the water. To any one who examines 



