^ 



* 



Subsidence along the Sea-coast of New Jersey. 345 



tides, on tlie lower margin of tlie bcacli. They appear to have 

 been broken off near the roots, \Yhich remain in their original 



positions. The trees were mostly white cedar Stumps of 



trees are found in most of the salt marshes around Portsmouth." 



In the second volume of LyelFs First Visit to the United 

 States, p. 143, where he speaks of the flats on the Baj^ of Fundy, 

 he says, ''I was informed that there was a submerged forest 

 buried in the red mud, and exposed to view in the Cumberland 

 Basin at low tide, not far from Fort Cumberland." 



Prof. Dawson, in a paper, On a Modern Submerged Forest at 

 Fort Lawrence, Nova Scotia, published in the Quart. Journ. 

 Geol, Soc, vol. xi, p. 119, mentions that, ''outside of the edge 

 of the mai'sh, and about twenty-five feet below the level of the 

 highest tides, which here rise in all about forty feet, .... appear 

 erect stumps and many prostrate trunks of trees. The stumps 

 pe scattered as in an open forest, and occupy a belt of 135 paces 

 111 breadth, and extending on either side for a much greater dis- 

 tance. I saw more than thirty stumps in the limited portion of 

 the belt which I examined. . . . On digging around some of the 

 stumps, they were found to be rooted in ground having all the 



characters of ordinary upland forest soil The smallest 



roots of all the stumps were quite entire and covered with their 

 bark, and the appearances were perfectly conclusive ns to their 

 being in the place of their growth. .... All the stumps and 

 trunks observed were pine and beech, and it is worthy of notice 

 that these are trees indicative rather of dry upland than of 

 swampy ground," 



Edmund Blunt, Esq., of New York City, informs me that he 

 tad observed the various })henomena connected with the sub- 

 merged timber, on the south shore of Long Island, and on the 

 shores of Delaware and Chesapeake Bays, and that he made 

 them the subject of a verbal communication to the New York 

 ■Lyceum twenty years ago. 



Dr. Emmons, State Geologist of North Carolina, has observed 

 submerged forests under similar circumstances in Albemarle 

 Sound. 



Lyell, in the ax:count of his First Visit to the United States, 

 ^^^' i, p. 131, says, "at Beauly, in G-eorgia, I found upright 

 stumps of trees of pine, cedar, and ilex, covered with live oysters 

 ^^d barnacles, and exposed at low tide; the deposit in which 

 they were buried having been recently washed away from 

 si*ound them by the waves." And at p. 139, "near the mouth 

 ^^ Cooper Eiver in S. Carolina, in the marshes, there are deep 

 deposits of clay and sand enclosing the stools and trunks of the 

 <^ypress, hickory, and cedar, often imbedded in an erect position, 

 *^^hich must have grown in fresh water, but are now sunk six 

 ^^d even sixteen feet below the level of high water." 



SECOND SERIES, VOL. XXIV, :N0, 75. — NOV., 1857. 



44 



