

On Parthe?iogenes2s. 407 



It would appear from observed facts, that among some of the 

 lower animals, it is of no more account for one of them to bud 

 out a complete animal of its kind than for a crab to reproduce 

 its mutilated claw. Moreover, it seems to be also true that the 

 budding process may take place in the ovary, and that it may 

 evolve an egg or something very like an egg, thus commencing 

 with the first step in the reproductive process ; or it may evolve 

 a bulbdike mass from other parts of the body, like that in ordi- 

 nary gemmation ; and each maj^ develop into an individual ani- 

 mal, or what will produce such individuals. "Whether formed 

 m one place or another, a germinating cellule, or a spot or col- 

 lection of cellules, begins the development, and the whole process 

 from its initiatory step to the end is a regular growth from the 

 single budding individual. 



Moreover, the observations in the plant kingdom appear to 

 show definitely, (confirmatory of Mr. Lubbock's observations in 

 the Daphnia,) that in the case of ovary reproduction, the ovnle 

 which develops without impregnation is identical in its initial 

 growth with that prepared for impregnation according to the 

 ordinary seed-producing process. Yet, not to lose sight of the 

 diverse relations of the two modes of reproduction, we should 

 remember that, normally, in every species which buds or pro- 

 duces budding eggs, there are also the opposite se:xes for true 

 egg-development; that even the lowest sea-weed has its conju- 

 gation of oppositely related cells for spore reproduction; that re- 

 production of this one-sex kind is confined to the lower grades 

 of species among animals, and some of these, like the Aphis, 

 find the process so easy that they can turn off their germ-buds 

 by the myriads, and still there is here a periodical recourse to 

 the true sexual process; that in some animals like the Daphnia, 

 while the ovaries produce eggs of both kinds, the normal eggs 

 pass to another cavity and early show their distinctive character ; 

 that^ in fine, a distinction of sex (a kind of sexual polarity) is 

 the grand universal law for reproduction in life, and is never 

 altogether set aside even for the inferior species, while absolutely 

 essential in the higher. Moreover this supplemental and inferior 

 Cleans of propagation, or budding, is but an expansion of the 

 ordinary law of growth : the same law that reproduces the nails 

 a^d hair in man, the tail of a mutilated snake, or the legs of a 

 Maimed crustacean, evolves the polyp from the bud of a polyp, 

 the Aphis from the Aphis germ-bud, or the plant from an unim- 

 pregnated ovule. The Aphis germ-bud or the unimpregnated 

 ovule may be considered as only a minuter or more concentrated 

 form of the bulb or bulbeh 



The process by which the female produces the ovule which is 

 afterwards to be impregnated is essentially a budding process, 

 a^d not until afler impregnation does it become in any case a 



