ADMINISTRATIVK RKl'uKT XXIX 



memoir designated for carlv luihlicaiiu,, i,, ilu- lunn of a Inil- 

 letin. The industrial data are suppU-nuMitcd l,v l.il.liu;:,,,,,!,;,- 

 and other material, whieli will reiuk-r the ivpurt a m.-mnal .,f 

 Porto Rican ethnology and archeohxry 



The special investigation undertaken hy Dr. Ku.m.II amui,;: 

 the Pima Indians covered aboriginal in.lustrics devoh.ped 

 in and adapted to the arid region. Ihrc, as in Vrntu \{'uu, 

 local types of habitation liave resulted in iin tin- elimatic and 

 other local conditions. The })rinial house tvpe is a small 

 circular structure of cactus or reeds, roofed with earth, th.- 

 whole supported by an inner framework of poles. This tv]..- 

 is varied according to available materials, the grass house and 

 the house of cactus (okatilla steins or saguaro ribs) being closel v 

 related derivative forms. It is varied also bv arrangement of 

 material, as when the cactus staves are wattle<l witjj reeds or 

 withes, and the house tends to become scpian- in plan witii 

 vertical walls eventually plastered bv the washing of mud 

 from the roof aud by the throwing up of embankments as 

 wind-breaks below. Under the imitative instinct of savagery 

 the wattled Avails are coated with a mortar of uuid. which is 

 hardened by embedding in it pebljles and larger stones: 

 and this may be deemed the secondary type of ab(»riginal 

 architecture in the southwestern Tnited States and nortlieni 

 Mexico. From it develops, under favorable (•on<litit>ns, a thin! 

 type, that of rubble masonry set in a mortar ..f nni«l i«r ev.-n 

 laid dry; but where building stone is lacking, the pebble-set 

 wattle structure grows into a distinctive an-hitecture of whirii 

 the basis is the imddled wall, or i)ise, called by Spanish settlers 

 cajon, the fourth house type of the arid region. .\boiiginaIly. 

 the earth used in the structure was doubtless tamj.e.l between 

 wattled walls, at first permanent and afterward temponiry: 

 certainly, during later times the earth was built up in succes- 

 sive tiers between movable screens of wattling so place.] ami 

 braced as to form a temporary trough for ea.h layer. 'I'he 

 cajon structure was durable and was sus<-eptible of .levelop- 

 ment into conununal houses of many nnmis au<l several stones. 

 As in the primal tvpcN tlu. ro,.f insisted of earth la.d on 

 brush supported by a sheathing of canes or .-actus staves and 



