20 THE ZUNI INDIANS [eth. ann. 23 



She i.s especially (grateful to the high priest of Zuiii; the sun priest; 

 Kai'uchi," elder brother Bow priest; Mesha, 3'ounger brother Bow 

 piiest; Kenoti, member of the Bow priesthood; the Ko'mosona, director 

 of the fraternity devoted to anthropic worship; Sinahe (Dick), associate 

 rain priest; Roman Luna, a theurgist; Halian, son of Nai'uchi, and Nina, 

 his daughter, who freely gave such aid and information as was sought. 

 Among those, since deceased, who faithfully served the writer, and for 

 whom she will ever retain the fondest remembrances, are Nai'uchi's 

 wife; Lai'wa*silu*si, a former high priest; Pedro Pino,* a former gov- 

 ernor; Jose Palle, a rain priest; and Wewha, the strongest character 

 and the most intelligent of the Zmli tribe within the knowledge of tile 

 writer. 



MYTHOLOGY 



General Conceptions of the Universe 



Civilized man's conceptions of the universe are altogether dijfferent 

 from those of primitive man. The former understands natural phe- 

 nomena through analysis and correlation; the latter accounts for them 

 by analogy. Civilized man lives in a world of realit}-; primitive man 

 in a world of mysticism and s3"mbolism; he is deeply impressed by 

 his natural environment; every object for him possesses a spiritual 

 life, so that celestial bodies, mountains, rocks, the flora of the earth, 

 and the earth itself are to him quite diflerent from what they are to 

 civilized man. The sturdy pine, tlie delicate sapling, the fragrant 

 blossom, the giant rock, and the tiny pebble play alike their part in 

 the mystic world of the aboriginal man. Many things which tend to 

 nourish life are symbolized by the Zufiis as mother. When a Zuni 

 speaks of the Earth Mother tlie earth is symbolized as the source, not 

 only of all vegetal matter which nourishes man, but also of the game 

 which gives him animal food. The earth is mother, the great one to 

 whom all are indebted for sustenance. 



The Zunis believe that the earth is supplied with water by their 

 dead of both sexes and all ages above infancy, and infants soon reach 

 maturity after going to the undermost world whence the Zufiis came. 

 The deceased always go first to Ko'thluwala'wa (Dance village), abiding 

 place of the Council of the Gods, and they often return thither to dance 

 in the great dance house. The deceased A'pi'Hashiwanni (Bow priest- 

 hood) are an exception; they join the Ku'pishtaya,^ becoming light- 

 ning-makers. 



The u'wannami (rain-makers) are controlled and directed by the 



« Nai'uchi died in June, 1904. 



'» Pedro Pino and one other spoke Spanish fluently, the latter being able to read and write in this 

 language. They had been taught by Spanish priests, who eompelled them to give all their time to 

 the language until they became proficient as interpreters. Two other men spoke a little Mexican. 



fSee p. 21. 



