STEVENSON] ADOPTION OF KIA'nAKWE BY a'sHIWI 43 



The rain priest of the i)arty, who is a member of the Shi^waniiakwe fraternity, 

 exclaimed upon seeing one of the altar etchings: "There is the altar of my frater- 

 nity." The discovery of these etchings settles the question that the pueblos, at 

 least the Zuiii people, had tablet altars before the invasion of the Spaniards, and 

 that they were not suggested to the Zunis by the Roman Catholic altars." 



Curious water markings on an irregular broken surface are believed by tlie Zunis 

 to 1)6 the footprints of those who danced at Hiin^'lipinkia on the level above the 

 canyon. ^ 



The following morning a sun shrine, which no doubt had been covered and uncov- 

 ered with sand many times, was discovered not many rods from camp. This shrine 

 with its many fetishes was photographed and sketched and afterward removed, to be 

 deposited in the National Museum at Washington. 



A'sHiwi Resume Tiieik Joukneying 



AH obstacles having been removed, the main l)()dy of the A'shivvi con- 

 tinued eastward in their quest for the Middle of the world. In addi- 

 tion to the Divine Ones they now had with them the Gods of War — 

 the gods born of Laughing water. 



After the A'shiwi had been some time at 'Kiap'kwena,'' the director 

 of the Ne'wekwe fraternity disappeared through Lu'kiana 'kiai'a and 

 became the musician and jester to the Sun Father, accompanying him 

 in his daily travels over this world; but he first instructed his people 

 that he was to be personated annually b}^ a member of the fraternity, 

 when he woidd l)e present in spirit. This personage, as he appears in 

 one of the Zuiii dramas, presents one of the most stately, picturesque, 

 and dramatic characters to be imagined. 



Adoption of the Two Sukvivino Kia'nakwe by the A'shiwi 



The two Kia'nakwe, brother and sister, who escaped death at the 

 hands of the A'shiwi conquerors by secreting themselves in a cave, sub- 

 sisted for a long time on meal and rats, the meal being ground from 

 the corn left by their people. The rats wei'e caught in a trap set every 

 night by the boy, who would go in the morning and fetch what he had 

 seciu'ed. At night the girl roasted the rats, and in the morning made 

 a stew of them. 



Growing weary of this life, the brother decided they would start out 

 into the world and see if they could not find some kind people among 



a Although extensive studies of the rocli writings of the Southwest have been made, the writer had 

 never before found iinything which would indicate the altar. 



'>See Destruction of the Kia'nakwe and Songs of Thanksgiving. 



^Ojo Caliente, one of the three farming districts of the Zunis, 15 miles south of west of the pueblo 

 of Zuni (see pi. vin). The town takes its name from a number of s[)rings at the place, three of 

 which are sacred, each to a god. To'seluna 'kSai'a, named from the tall grass which grows in the 

 spring is dedicated to Ko'loowisi (Plumed Serpent), and three years out of every four tlie pilgrims of 

 the summer solstice gather there. They go quadrennially to ICo'tliluwala'wa. Tliis spring also sup- 

 plies the water for irrigating th • farms of Ojo Caliente. .V'mitolan 'kiai'a (Rainbow spring), which 

 is about 'Z feet in diameter and quite deep, is sacred to the Sha'liiko gods. The water of this spring 

 is clear and cold, and is e.xcellent to drink. Lu''klana 'kiaia (ashes spring) is the spring of Bi''<si<si, 

 the original director of the Ne'wekwe fraternity. While numbers of te'likinawe are to be found at 

 all these springs, Lu''klana 'kiaia is tlie only one wliere a shrine appears to have been erected. The 

 Zunis claim that all the sacred springs are used for the gods to look through. A view of rainbow 

 spring is shown in pi. i.\. 



