STEVENSON] WINTER SOLSTICE CEREMONIES 111 



This is a bu.s\" season with the fraternities, and the floors arc covered 

 with groups of men with their medicine boxes beside them and plumes 

 of all colors l^'ing- a])Out. Thev prepare te'likinawe not only accord- 

 ing- to the custoin of the fraternity in which the}' hold membership, 

 but according- to the orders to which they belong-, the fraternities in 

 most instances being- composed of several orders. They go from otie 

 ceremonial chamber to another to prepare the appropriate ofl'erings, 

 for it is quite common for a Zunian to hold membership in two or 

 more fraternities. The A'pi'"^lashiwanni as such prepare te'likinawe 

 to the Gods of War and to their predecessors. The members of this 

 organization also prepare the appropriate offerings for the other 

 fraternities in which the}' hold membership. 



Each member of a mystery medicine order, and many of the fra- 

 ternities have the order of Mvstery medicine, makes offerings to the 

 sun and moon — four to the deceased members of the fraternity, one to 

 Po'shaiyiinki,'^' and one to Po'shaiyiinki's fellow. The ends of the 

 offerings made to the two latter personages are cut squari^ across, with 

 a Greek cross on the top,'^ but the offerings of the A'shiwanni to 

 Po'shai3'anki are serrated on the top, s3'm})olic of cumulus clouds. 

 A miniature crook and corn planter, each having a la'showanne (one 

 or more plumes attached to a cotton cord) attached, are gi'ouped with 

 the offering's to Po'shaiyiinki. The crook, which symbolizes longevit}', 

 is deposited Avith the pra3'er beginning ''I walk with this cane," which 

 signifies that the one who speaks prays to grow old; not to die, but to 

 sleep and awake as a little child with the others, reference being- made 

 to the ancients. 



The officers of the order of mystery medicine make te'likinawe to 

 the Beast Gods of the six regions, to their deceased predecessors of the 

 order, and four to deceased members at large. A member at largfe 

 mav only make an offering to the Beast God of one of the six regions. 

 The A'pi^lashiwanni prepare four to the deceased of their fraternity 

 who preceded them as warrior guardians of the altars and medicine. 

 Such orders of fraternities as have patron gods make additional 

 offerings to them. The offerings of boys who have received onlj- 

 involuntary initiation into the Ko'tikili (mythologic fraternit}^) and 

 those of the women and g-irls are made for them b}' their fraternity 

 fathers. When the fraternity parent is a woman, her fraternit}' 

 father prepares her te'likinawe and those for her fraternity child, 

 should the child not be a member of the Ko'tikili. 



Although it is considered out of order, a man sometimes makes his 

 f raternit}^ offerings at his mother's or wife's house. Each man pre- 



(t Po'shaiyankl is the Zuiii culture hero who gave to them oxen, sheep, and raiment. 



'' Although the superstition regarding the Spaniards is still so great that no word of Mexican must 

 be spoken in the presence of a te'likinanO, many of the aged theurgists declare that tlie cross in 

 the marking on the offering to Po'shaiyilnkl is symbolic of Catholicism, as their culture hero was a 

 Catholic. 



