STEVENSON] WINTER SOLSTICE CEREMONIES li3 



are made by a member of the Bear clan. Two other men, belonging- 

 respectively to the Deer and Bear clans, make each four te'likinawe. 

 The reason for confining the preparation of these idols and their 

 games to the Deer and Bear clans is given in the words of the elder 

 brother Bow priest: 



When the two gods were once going aV)out the country, the elder spoke, address- 

 ing the younger: " Who is your father? Tlie deer is mine." The younger, who was 

 just a Httle more venturesome and braver than the elder, replied: "The bear is my 

 father." 



At this season the images are carved from po'la (Populus f remontii). 

 For the scalp ceremonial the}' must be made of jl'shekia (Pinus pon- 

 derosa) that has been struck b}^ lightning. 



Seven members of the A'pi'^lashiwanni are designated by the elder 

 brother Bow priest to make the paraphernalia for the elder God of 

 War, and the same number are appointed b}' the younger brother 

 Bow priest to prepare that for the idol of the younger God of AVar. 

 One warrior makes a ta))let, a second makes a staff, a third makes 

 a shield. The hoop of the shield, large enough to encircle the 

 bended knee, is first wrapped closely with cotton cord, and afterward 

 the space is filled with netting. The idol stands on this shield. A 

 fourth warrior makes the ko'lannan'hla'kwikia an te'likinawe (a ser- 

 rated projection from the umbilicus to which plumes are attached, sym- 

 bolic of clouds and lightning). All varieties of seeds are deposited in 

 the cavity before the projection is inserted. The plumes attached waft 

 specially valuable prayers to the gods for rain. A fifth makes a 

 diminutive bow and arrow, shield, and war club, which are attached 

 to the projection. A sixth warrior makes the war club. A seventh a 

 tehl'nane (a stick with plumes attached) of he'sho (pinon), measuring 

 from the bended knee to the heel. After the idols are modeled they 

 are decorated. The base of each idol is covered with a wad of yucca 

 fiber,'^' held in place by a rope of the same. 



Yucca cord also serves to support the plume ofierings afterward 

 made to the gods 1)}^ members of the Bow priesthood. A belt of raw 

 cotton is wound round the idol. A fine cotton cord hangs at the neck, 

 from which an abalone shell is also pendent, but these are obscured b}^ 

 other adornments. When all is completed the idols are stood in state, 

 facing east, near the north end of the room in which they have been 

 fashioned. Two men, one of the Deer clan and the other of the Bear 

 clan, serve as sentinels or special watchers over the idols until they are 

 taken to the He'iwa (north) ki'wi'sine. Many come to oifer prayers 



a The yucca leaves are boiled, then run through the mouth, the fiber being partially separated by 

 the teeth. They areafterwanl completely parted by thefingers. The mass is hud away until required, 

 when it is sufficiently moistened with water to render it pliable. A cord is made by first arranging 

 the yucca into a strand of the length required, then dividing it into two. The pieces are rolled sep- 

 arately with one hand at the same time on the knee, and afterward twisted into a cord without rais- 

 ing the material from the knee. The cord is rubbed witli meal until it is quite white. 



23 ETH— 04 8 



